Theory X, Theory Y

Question 1

Describe the characteristics of a theory X manager

Answer 1

Believes that individuals are

• lazy and not happy with job
• need close supervsion
• a hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control
• rely heavily on punishment/reward system to control employees
• usually exercised in professions where promotion is infrequent/impossible and the labour is repetitive and mundane

Question 2

Describe a theory Y manager

Answer 2

Management assumes that employees

• can be ambitious
• will seek learning and responsibility in proper circumstances
• the satisfaction of doing a job is a strong motivation
• managers communicate openly with subordinates and limit the difference in relationship between superiors and subordinates
• share decision making

Question 3

Advantages of the theory

Answer 3

Can identify different styles of leadership that work better for different employee groups in order to increase output

Question 4

Disadvantages of the Theory

Answer 4

• Theory X develops resentment and distrust
• Theory Y is difficult to uphold and implement in reality
• The theory works on assumptions that may not play out the same in real life