Theory Test #2 Interior Finishes Flashcards
List 4 of the things that must be completed prior to cabinet installation
-Dry wall mud and tape should be done,
-Ceilings should be finished and may be textured ,
-Door frames and casings should be installed
-Base boards must not be installed
Cabinet layout should begin from the ___ point of the floor
Highest
List 5 things that must be considered when laying out height of the upper cabinet
-The space between upper and base cabinets
-The thickness of the countertops
-The heights of the base cabinets and kicks
-The size of a he fridge (determines size of cabinet)
-The amount of space required above the range
What disadvantage of installing one upper cabinet at a time
They tend to follow imperfections
What are 2 advantages of installing a separate toe kick before installing the bases
-Makes it easier to level and scribe
-When the kick is installed the base units and easier to install
List 6 accessories that can be installed after the cabinets
-pantry pull outs
-lazy Susan
-garbage can
-sink front tray
-sliding towel rack
-spice rack
The most common type of hinge is the ____-______ hinge
European - style
Name three natural stone materials that are used for counter tops
-granit
-slate
-marble
What must be supplied before the sink , hole can be cut?
The sink or a template
List 7 steps for constructing plastic laminate countertops
1.measure cut and joint substrate pieces
2. Plan laminate joints ; cut , fit pieces
3 install edging
4. Use roll on or spray contact cement to substrate and laminate
5. Apply laminate
6. Trim and finish edges
7. Cut out sink
Why is particle board preferred over plywood for a counter top substrate
Particle board has no wood grain that can show through the laminate
What is the advantage of making a laminate joint at the sink? What special precautions must you take when placing a joint at the sink?
A.) counter top looks better because little of the joint shows
B) the joint must be tight to prevent water and ruining substrate
How much larger should you cut laminate
Allow 10-12 mm
How do you cut plastic laminate by hand
A) score it with an a laminate cutter until it’s 2/3 the way through usually 2 to 3 strokes
B) the joint must be tight to prevent water and ruining substrate
When applying the plastic laminate to the substrate, what do you use to keep the glued surface from making contact?
Spacers made of metal rods, dowels, or strips of cardboard
Once you have the laminate and its final position gently remove the stickers one at a time work from the_____ to the edges to avoid________
Centre
Air bubbles
What size of bit should you use to trim the top pieces of the laminate edges?
60 degree
Why are postform countertops a popular alternative?
They are cost-effective and easy to maintain
Corners in postform countertops have a long_____cut when you install Post form countertops glue the mitre edges and draw them slightly together with countertop draw bolts
Mitre cut
What prep work must you do before the manufacturer install sold surfacing countertops?
Install backing usually made out of plywood so no point of the solid surface is more than 24 inches away from the support
Describe a chair rail
A chair rail is a a trim that is 900 mm from the floor, which is standard height of the back of a chair
Describe a chair rail
A chair is a a trim that is 900 mm from the floor, which is standard height of the back of a chair
What are the common angles used for cornice mould
It is an angle of 45 or 38° from the wall
Where is Crown moulding used?
Crown mould is used to trim tops and bottoms of cabinets and in construction of mantels
Where is baseboard found and when would it be installed?
Baseboard is installed at the junction between the walls and the floors and is usually one of the last things installed on a project
Describe wainscotting
Wainscotting is usually installed at the bottom third of the wall with wood panels and mouldings or a contrasting paint or wallpaper and trimmed with WainScott moulding
What should the moisture content be for solid lumber products used for finishing work
Solid lumber products used for finishing work should have a moisture contact of only 4 to 6% when manufactured and cured, but this can easily change, depending upon conditions during storage and transportation
When should materials be delivered to the job site for finishing work?
Material should be delivered at least two days prior to installation to allow acclimatizaton to the site surroundings
Why should you consider where a joint will be viewed from?
In most cases of joint can be made less visible from one direction rather than the other, so in the planning stage it is important to consider a where trim work will be viewed from
What angle should be used when installing baseboard and other trim at drywall corners
The thickness of the drywall mud in the corners can change angles to something less or more than 90° therefore cutting mitres of 44° for inside corners and 46° for outside corners can often make a better fit
What is the advantage of coped joints?
Coped joints have the advantage of always looking tight from One Direction, even if they are seen as slightly open from another
What is the first step in producing a coped joint?
Coping joints are made by first cutting a 45° bevel on the end of the material
When cutting a coping joint, what method is used to ensure the joint will be tight?
It is important to use the saw on a slight angle to back (remove more material from the back of the material than the front)
Describe a return
Returns are made when a run of moulding ends. They provide a more appealing finish than simply bevelling or sanding. A return can be made to look as if the moulding returns to the wall or the floor.
Describe soft corners
Modern drywall often incorporate soft corners, which use a rounded corner bead instead of a square one
What type of joint would be used to join lengths of moldings?
A scarf joint is often used
Describe a fastening technique to be used if the backing cannot be found in the wall when installing mouldings
Adhesive should be applied to the back of the moulding and nailing should be done at alternating angles with nails long enough to penetrate the wall finish
How should a pneumatic nailer be held when fastening small mouldings and why?
Pneumatic nailer should be held 90° to the grain of the wood so the point of the nail cuts the grain instead of splitting it
Why is a plow taken out of the back of casings
This allows, a tight joint between the two visible edges of the casing and the jam or wall finish
What is the purpose of a reveal?
The small distance back from the inside corner of the jam allowed the casing to pass the strike plate and hinges without having to be notched around them
What must you be careful of when installing casing on a pocket door
When trimming pocket doors do not nail through the top casing to the removable half jam and use short nails that will not project through the split framing
Describe architrave
Use the trim across the top of a door or a window
Describe Rossette’s
Used to trim corners of openings
Describe a plinth block
A plinth block is installed on the floor and the casing is cut square on this block
Why is baseboard sometimes installed 12 mm off the subfloor
The finished floor, especially carpet
What are the horizontal and vertical members of wainscotting called?
Rails and styles
What is a very important first step in the installation of wainscotting
Very accurate layout on the wall
Which piece will be installed first for wainscotting
Cut and install the bottom make sure it’s level
Describe the nailing for the rails and styles of wainscotting
By toenail length through the edge of the material to hide the nails
How many mouldings are built up mantle made of
Usually, a combination of two or more mouldings
How do you minimize the possibility of warping when laminating pieces together for a solid wood mantle
Alternating the grain direction with each piece and the equilibrium moisture content of all pieces should be the same
Installation of wall finishes Is rarely as simple as standing sheets of plywood and nailing them what conditions make installation difficult
Walls may not be plum or straight floor platforms may not be level and inside corners and outside corners and intersecting walls seldom form a perfect 90° angle
What method can be employed to provide a straight wall in adequate fastening for vertical solid wood paneling?
In most instances, it is necessary to straighten and plumb the wall with furring strips
What may be required around doors and windows when installing furring
The openings around doors, windows and electrical outlets are usually furred flush to the furring strips
List some things to consider when fastening wall finishes to steel studs
Considerations for fastening wall finishes to steel studs, plywood or solid backing will have to be placed in the steel studs care must be taken when fastening into metal studs so as not to strip the screw, a screw type hollow wall anchor may be used to disperse the forces into the drywall And use of construction adhesive will also enhance the holding power of the furring strips
What is the most common way in which vertical solid wood panelling is used in commercial setting?
Wainscotting is the most common way to install vertical wood panelling
What is three configurations for installing solid wood paneling?
Vertical horizontally diagonal
How does solid wood panelling differ from wood strip flooring?
Solid wood panelling usually features a pronounced V joint where the edges meet and some types also have profile faces
What methods are commonly used to compensate for small gaps where a gap moulding for wainscotting meets the wall
They may be scribed to the wall and fit by hand or caulked and painted depending on the requirements
List the typical millwork elements used in the installation of a wainscott wall
The typical elements of a wain Scott wall are
A strip to produce a level start burning strips, vertical solid tongue, groove paneling, Wain Scott, cap molding, and base molding, possibly a base shoe
Apart from an attractive finish what is another reason for using wainscot paneling in a public building?
To provide a durable surface for high traffic areas
What are considered preferred substrates for ceramic wall tile installation
In commercial applications the substrate should ideally be a concrete block or concrete and the adhesive should be a thin set mortar compound
What sort of textured wall finishes may be applied to a gypsum board substrate
Textured plaster or stucco wall finishes may be applied to a gypsum board substrate
What type of vinyl product will a carpenter be involved with when are these products most used
The vinyl wall finishes in commercial work that carpenters may deal with are usually pre covered gypsum wall panels. They are commonly selected for office partitioning because of their ease of installation and the simplicity of trimming them out
What other way is vinyl used as an interior wall finish
Another way that vinyl is used for very high-end effect is as site-applied wall covering this required the work of a skilled painter or decorator
Most architectural wood paneling is comprised of _______ elements and the ____ themselves
Most architectural (wood)paneling is comprised of frame and the (panels)them selves
What are the vertical and horizontal components of a frame for a wall called
The vertical is called stiles
The horizontal is called rails
Describe a simple method for producing a recessed panel effect on a wall using plywood panels
Create the frames with 3/4 ply and then place 1/4” panels
When walls are finished with recessed plywood panels what is done at the transition between panel and frame
The transition between the frame and the recessed panel is concealed and dressed up
What is the main advantage of a frame of a recessed plywood panels
Stiles and rails can be glued and fastened close to there edges so that most of the fastening can be concealed from the panel mouldings
In the case of manufactured section wall panels what two things may be modified to make the product fire retardant
Fire retardant veneer core materials are used together with finishes that are rated for low flame spread
List 4 most common ways that pre manufactured panels are supplied
Full widths
Selectively reduced in width
Sequence matched uniform sized set
Blue print matched
What are a book match and a slip match
A book match flips every other leaf so that each leaf is mirrored
A slip match creates a repetitive rhythm by joining leafs with out flipping them
What kind of vertical joint is used when veneered panels are butted together
The vertical joint between panels is a v joint
If vannered panels have all edges finished with a band of veneer or laminate what type of joint would be between them
Panels are finished with a thin band of parent wood or vaneer
How are vaneer panels usually fastened to the wall
Two methods of installing flush paneling with concealed mountings are with specially designed metal hard ware and split battens
List some things to consider when designing storage rooms
Does the storage room need to be lockable?
Will the public ever have access to it
Will parts of the storage need to be secured from employees
What will be stored
Will the items be heavy or light big or small
Will there need to be a large doorway
Will there be shelving only or will there be a need for a dust free storage
A storage unit is likely to be a combination of what components
Combination of fixed shelving, adjustable shelving, units with doors to cut down on dust and drawers for organizing items
In the terms of fixed shelving what is a stronger method of support than a biscuit or adjustable shelf hard ware
Use a dado
List some Types of hardware available for adjustable shelving
Pins in holes
Metal shelf standards and clips
Metal standard with brackets
What must you be carful of when cutting shelf standards to length
Make sure that all 4 standard are cut in the same place and installed the same way up
What is a versatile method of storing or displaying retail items
Slat wall or a notch wall system
How is wire shelving cut
It is cut to length on site with in some cases bolt cutters
What are the common widths of wire shelving for closets and pantries
Closet shelves are available in 12” or 16” depths and pantry shelves available in 12” to 20” depths
List some considerations for shelving in general
-The shelf must be strong enough to perform intended use
-Shelf units should be diagonally braced with a back panel or a metal diagonal brace
-any shelf unit must be securely fastened to the wall or structure especially near the top
- be sure to use metal L brackets or long screws to the framing
- limit the spans to a reasonable length to prevent sag
Describe one method to construct a shelf that is much more rigid
A 19 mm x 38mm solid lip fastened with glue and biscuits or even nails
List the capacity of shel materials from weakest to strongest
Particle board
Melamine covered particle board
Laminate covered particle board
Mdf
Plywood
Laminate covered plywood
Solid laminated wood
What does substrate mean regarding flooring
Substrate is the material that the finished floor is attached to or that supports the floor finish
What should be done if a wood floor is to be laid over a concrete slab
It is common to treat it as subfloor and to first install sleepers to keep the floor away from the concrete
What may need to be done to prepare a wood panel subfloor for installation of underlayment
Check subfloor for squeaks and ensure that the subfloor is well fastened with nails screws or adhesive it is common to complete code nailing requirements prior to the installation of underlayment
Why is underlayment used for floor coverings
It provides a consistent surface
What is the minimum thickness of panel underlays
The national building code states must be 6 mm or greater in thickness it must be increased to 11 mm thick when the supports below it are spaced over 300mm oc for ceramic tile applied with adhesive instead of Mortar
What must be included in a substrate that supports wood strip flooring installed parallel to the subfloor supports
An underlay must be included if the strip flooring is installed parallel to the lumber sub flooring
What is a common wood substrate thickness required by tile manufacturers?
29mm (11/8) under ceramic tile applied
Why must you be very careful when removing old linoleum
It may contain asbestos fibres
Why should most plywood not be used as an underlay for resilient flooring
Because of the grain it can pop through it must be very smooth
How are resurfacing products applied to substrates
Spread onto and smoothed with a trowel
Others are poured carefully and self levelled
What is the typical moisture content of wood strip flooring
Flooring material is shipped kiln dried as close as possible to an average moisture content of 12% or less
List 5 considerations when storing wood flooring
Protect the material from rapid temperature or humidity changes
Stack packages horizontally in small piles placed away from the outside walls
Open packaging to allow better circulation
Do not store hardwood on floors that are less than 450 mm above the ground
Keep the material from coming in contact with the ground or concrete services
What is an expansion space for wood flooring? How is it achieved?
An expansion space must be provided all around a flooring installation and between the flooring and any intersecting walls place starting trips next to the walls or vertical obstructions 1/2”” to 3/4 of an inch away to allow for expansion
Describe the nailing of wood flooring
Nails are placed through the tongue and into the subfloor. It is best to also place nails into the floor joist where possible
How is wood strip flooring placed around in an obstruction or projecting partition wall so that the tongue is always at the leading edge of the installation
A starter strip is extended past the wall. Once installation has become even with the projection nail this extended, long strip and place a spline in the groove side installation can proceeded in both directions away from this extension strip.
