theory test

Question 1

physiological PH

Answer 1

7.4

Question 2

% ionise acid equation

Answer 2

%A = 100 / 1+ 10 [pKa-pH]

Question 3

% ionised base equation

Answer 3

%B = 100 / 1+1- [pH-pKa]

Question 4

weak acid graph

Answer 4

high ph S shape

Question 5

strong base graph

Answer 5

backwards s high pH

Question 6

what is the most electron donating group

Answer 6

Et - ethyl

Question 7

summary pKa chart

Answer 7

left is Pka below 5
right is pKa above 5
top left is strong acids
- carboxylic acid CO2H
top right is weak acids
- phenol
- B-lactam
bottom left is weak bases
- aromatic amine
bottom right is strong bases
- amine
- guanidine

Question 8

summary of no bases and no acid groups

Answer 8

no N atom = no basic groups
no Oh, NH, SH = no acidic groups

Question 9

cis

Answer 9

same side

Question 10

trans

Answer 10

opposite sides

Question 11

highest and lowest priority

Answer 11

4 = lowest priority = lowest atomic number

Question 12

E and Z

Answer 12

E opposite
Z same

Question 13

R

Answer 13

clockwise

Question 14

S

Answer 14

anticlockwise

Question 15

if H has filled in wedge

Answer 15

needs to have other wedge so swap from R-S or S-R

Question 16

what is hydrolysis

Answer 16

reaction with water

Question 17

molecules most prone to hydrolysis

Answer 17

• esters
• amides
• lactams
• carbamate
• lactones

Question 18

how to change hydrolysis reaction time

Answer 18

• increase pH = increase in hydrolysis
• metal ions increase hydrolysis
• increase in temp = increase in hydrolysis

Question 19

what is oxidation

Answer 19

reaction with oxygen or reversible e loss

Question 20

molecules most prone to oxidation

Answer 20

• phenol
• alcohol
• aldehyde
• amine
• thioether

Question 21

oxidation without oxygen

Answer 21

double phenol
= catechol

Question 22

oxidation preventatives

Answer 22

chelating agent - trap metal ions so they cant catalyse
antioxidants - eg vit C

Question 23

racemisation

Answer 23

transformation from R-S or S-R
- need H and C=O attached to the stereocenter
- can be less active, more active or toxic

Question 24

epimerisation

Answer 24

same as racemisation but it is when only one centre can racemise when there is numerous other stereocenters

Question 25

H20 solubility and lipid solubility

Answer 25

has H2O solubility increases lipid solubility decreases and vice versa

Question 26

H bonds and H2O solubility

Answer 26

as H bonds increase H2O solubility increases

Question 27

lipinskis rule of 5

Answer 27

• all for passive transport
  1. molecular weight under 500
  2. log p under 5
  3. not more then 5 H donors (OH, NH groups)
  4. not more then 10 H acceptors (N+O atoms)

Question 28

exceptions to lipinskis rule of 5 `

Answer 28

• antibiotics
• antifungals
• vitamins
• cardiac glucosides
• these require active transport

Question 29

equation for P

Answer 29

drug in organic solvent / drug in aqueous solvent

Question 30

what does the P value mean

Answer 30

high p = prefers organic phase
low p = prefers aqueous phase

Question 31

what does the log P mean

Answer 31

if log p is greater then 0.5 = water insoluble
if log p is less then 0.5 = water soluble

Question 32

h2o bonds formed with OH

Answer 32

3

Question 33

h2o bonds formed with o

Answer 33

2

Question 34

h2o bonds formed with =O

Answer 34

2

Question 35

h2o bonds formed with NH2

Answer 35

3

Question 36

h2o bonds formed with NH

Answer 36

2

Question 37

h2o bonds formed with N

Answer 37

1

Question 38

h2o bonds formed with S

Answer 38

2

Question 39

h2o bonds formed with N if attached to benzene ring

Answer 39

0

Question 40

h2o bonds formed with NH it attached to benzene ring

Answer 40

1

Question 41

h20 bonds formed with NH2 if attached to benzene ring

Answer 41

2

Question 42

gastric absorption of drug in an empty stomach

Answer 42

empty stomach
- drug needs to exist in most lipophilic phase in order to get absorbed therefore needs to have the lowest