theory terms (reader 2021-22) Flashcards
the difference between lax/tense vowels
phonemic duration
Obstruent which starts as a plosive and ends like a fricatives
affricates
a word which isolated pronunciation differs from their pronunciation in a longer utterance
gradation words
type of voicing where no particular adjustments are made
normal voice
type of voicing produced where part of the glottis is held open
breathy voice
words which spelling is identical but pronunciation is different
homographs
sound where the vocal cords are tightly shut, to form a complete closure
glottal stop
the amount of speech produced on a single outgoing airstream
breath group
shortening the voiced portion before a Fortis consonant
pre-Fortis clipping
the tendency to weaken the diphthongal nature of RP /eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ, əʊ, aʊ/
smoothing
when a consonant adopts certain features of pronunciation from a neighbouring consonant
assimilation
words that are spelled differently but pronounced the same
homophones
the combination of a vowel + (l) + (nasal)
voiced portion
when a rule is applied too broadly in a language
overgeneralisation
sonorants formed by an airstream so weak, no friction is produced
approximants
vowel which changes its quality
diphthong
different pronunciations of a phoneme in different phonological contexts
allophones
vowel which doesn’t change their quality
monophthong
Sonorants formed by a nasal escape of the airstream
nasals
type of voicing where the vocal cords are tensed (opening actions of vocal cords can be heard separately)
creaky voice
variation in the frequency of vibration
pitch
consonant sounds which are created by an obstruction of the airstream
obstruents
standard accent spoken in England
RP
received pronunciation
vowels produced by means of a tongue glide
diphthongs
obstruents formed by a blockage which is suddenly released
plosives
Consonant sounds which are pronounced with a relatively free escape of air
sonorants
the tendency of RP /ɪə, eə, ʊə/ to convert to it’s first element
monophthonging
obstruent formed by narrowing the vocal tract
fricatives
single word form whose elements also exist as separate words
contraction
