THEORY paper 1 section B

Question 1

Aitchison

Answer 1

Aitchison categorisation
damp spoon - laziness
crumbling castle view - worsened
infectious disease - contagious

neologism stages
1 - potential
2 - implementation 
3 - diffusion
4 - codification

Question 2

Haugen

Answer 2

Haugen’s stages of standardisation:
selection - selecting an existing language as a basis for the standard
codification - the reduction in variability and the establishment of the ‘norms’
elaboration - ensures the standard can be used for a range of functions
implementation - more texts becoming available, pride in the standard, discouragement of alternatives

Question 3

Hockett

Answer 3

Random Fluctuation

changes in language occur randomly; changes are influenced by random mistakes

Question 4

Bex

Answer 4

Genre conventions change over time to meet needs of users

Question 5

Bailey

Answer 5

Wave Model

Question 6

Substratum Theory

Answer 6

language changes primary with contact with other languages