Theory of Light

Question 1

Speed of light in a vacuum

Answer 1

C = 3.00x10^8 m/s

Question 2

Speed of light in a vacuum

Answer 2

C = 3.00x10^8 m/s

Question 3

study of light

Answer 3

Optics

Question 4

Two Theories of Light

Answer 4

Wave and Particle Theory

Question 5

Theory that says light is composed of subatomic particles (quanta) called photons

Answer 5

Particle Theory

Question 6

Theory that says light is a form of radiant energy that travels wave-like from one point to another.

Answer 6

Wave Theory

Question 7

discrete packets of energy that carry momentum, have no mass and travel at the speed of light

Answer 7

Photons

Question 8

Main source of natural light on Earth

Answer 8

Sun

Question 9

Cornea absorbs below?

Answer 9

360nm

Question 10

rods and cones cannot detect less than?

Answer 10

360nm

Question 11

infants can detect up to?

Answer 11

300nm

Question 12

____ have light receptors that affect morphogenesis

Answer 12

Plants

Question 13

Contains both electric and magnetic fields that change or oscillate.

Answer 13

Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 14

True or False: Both E and B are perpendicular to the propagation of the wave

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Number of crests/troughs that pass a given point within one second; expressed as Hertz (Hz)

Answer 15

Frequency

Question 16

The distance between two crests.

Answer 16

Wavelength

Question 17

The amount of kinetic energy

Answer 17

Energy

Question 18

Measurements of:
centimeter (cm)
angstrom (A na may dot sa taas)
nanometer (nm)
micrometer (mm)

Answer 18

cm: 10^-2
A na may dot sa taas: 10^-10
nm: 10^-9
mm: 10^-6

Question 19

A and B in electromagnetic radiation

Answer 19

A: wave fronts
B: wave normal

Question 20

represents the direction of propagation of light energy.

Answer 20

Light ray

Question 21

Characteristics of Isotropic Minerals in Waves
(isometric minerals; mineralods)

Answer 21

Light rays are parallel to wave normal
Shows same velocity of light in all directions
Bonds are the same in all directions

Question 22

Characteristics of Anisotropic Minerals in Waves
(tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic minerals)

Answer 22

Light rays are not parallel to wave normal
Shows different velocity of light in all directions
Bonds are not the same in all directions

Question 23

The 7 Primitive Crystal Systems

Answer 23

Isometric
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
Triclinic
Monoclinic
Rhombohedral

Question 24

The distance that one wave lags behind the other (measured in nm)

Answer 24

Retardation (triangle symbol)

Question 25

where i is an integer, then the two waves are said to be in phase

Answer 25

constructive interference

Question 26

two waves are said to be out of phase

Answer 26

destructive interference

Question 27

consists of just one wavelength

Answer 27

Monochromatic light

Question 28

several wavelengths, but perceived as one color

Answer 28

Polychromatic light

Question 29

When a light wave encounters an objective, it is either?

Answer 29

transmitted, reflected, absorbed, refracted, polarized, diffracted, or scattered

Question 30

Behavior of light also depends on the composition of the ___ and ____ of the light.

Answer 30

object/medium and wavelength

Question 31

the measure of the amount of light that can successfully pass through a medium.

Answer 31

Transmission

Question 32

The measure of the amount of light energy that materials can absorb, reflect, and scatter.

Answer 32

Transmittance

Question 33

When incident light (incoming light) hits an object and bounces off

Answer 33

Reflection

Question 34

occurs when photons from incident light hit atoms and molecules and cause them to vibrate

Answer 34

Absorption

Question 35

The bending and spreading of waves around an obstacle

Answer 35

Diffraction

Question 36

occurs when light bounces off an object in a variety of directions

Answer 36

Scattering

Question 37

light waves change direction as they pass from medium to another

Answer 37

Refraction

Question 38

depicts the limiting of the direction of their oscillations

Answer 38

Polarization

Question 39

Is light fast or slowed when it enters a medium?

Answer 39

Slowed

Question 40

A measure of how effective a material is in bending light coming from a vacuum

Answer 40

Index of Refraction

Question 41

Most minerals have indices of refraction that fall in the range of ___ to about ___

Answer 41

1.4 to 2.0

Question 42

Law that tells that light is refracted towards the normal to the boundary upon entering a material with higher n and is refracted away from the normal upon entering a material with lower n.

Answer 42

Snell’s Law

Question 43

Ordinary light vibrated in all directions mean?

Answer 43

Unpolarized

Question 44

in optical mineralogy and petrography, we need to use _____

Answer 44

polarized light

Question 45

Are all crystalline materials birefringent

Answer 45

No

Question 46

different indices of refraction associated with different crystallographic directions

Answer 46

birefringent

Question 47

visualize aspects of the samples through light rotated by the sample and then able to pass through the analyzer

Answer 47

Polarization of light