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midterms aamt 1-10 > theory of flights > Flashcards

theory of flights Flashcards

1
Q

is a mixture of several gases

A

air

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2
Q

air is a mixture of what

A

one-fifth oxygen and fourth-fifths nitrogen

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3
Q

components of air

A

78 percent (by volume) nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 1 percent argon, 0.03 percent carbon dioxide and traces of several other gases such as hydrogen, helium, neon, etc.

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4
Q

what are the different layers of the atmosphere

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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5
Q

starts at the Earth’s surface This part of the atmosphere is the densest. Almost all weather is in this region

A

troposphere

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6
Q

how long is the troposphere

A

8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles

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7
Q

The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer.

A

stratosphere

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8
Q

where does the stratosphere start and end

A

above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high

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9
Q

Meteors burn up in this layer

A

mesosphere

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10
Q

how long is mesosphere

A

starts just above the stratosphere and extends to 85 kilometers (53 miles) high

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11
Q

Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.

A

thermosphere

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12
Q

where does thermosphere start and end

A

above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high

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13
Q

This is the upper limit of our atmosphere

A

exosphere

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14
Q

where does exosphere extends to

A

It extends from the top of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km (6,200 mi).

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15
Q

describe the pressure in higher and lower altitudes

A

higher altitudes have less pressure than those in lower altitudes

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16
Q

the temperature ___ as the altitude ____

A

decreases, increases

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17
Q

a measure of hotness or coldness of a body.

A

temperature

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18
Q

water freezes at what C and boils at what C

A

0 C and 100 C

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19
Q

how much is the decrease in temperature per 1000 ft

A

2C or 3F

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20
Q

what also decreases with increasing altitude because of the decreasing temperature

A

density

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21
Q

what is newton’s first law of motion

A

a body in motion remains in motion or a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted upon by a force

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22
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion

A

force = mass times acceleration

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23
Q

what is newton’s 3rd law of motion

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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24
Q

what are the four forces acting on an airplane in flight

A

lift thrust drag weight

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25
Q

arrows which show the forces acting on an airplane

A

vectors

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26
Q

what does the upward force do

A

lift; sustains the airplane in flight with help of wings

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27
Q

what does the forward acting force do

A

thrust; opposes drag and propels the plane using propeller

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28
Q

it is not constant as it varies with the equipment, passengers, cargo, and fuel load.

A

weight

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29
Q

includes all drag created by the airplane, except that drag directly associated with the production of lift. It is created by the disruption of the flow of air around the airplane’s surfaces.

A

parasite drag

30
Q

three types of parasite drag

A

form drag, skin friction drag, interference drag

31
Q

is created by any structure which protrudes into the relative wind. The amount of drag created is related to both the size and shape of the structure.

A

form drag

32
Q

is caused by a roughness of the airplane surfaces.

A

skin friction drag

33
Q

occurs when varied currents of air over an airplane meet and interact.

A

interference drag

34
Q

main by-product of the production of lift. It is directly related to the angle of attack of the wing. The greater the angle, the greater the induced drag

A

induced drag

35
Q

for an airplane is the sum of parasite and induced drag.

A

total drag

36
Q

are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they also occur at points other than at the wing tips.

A

wingtip vortices

37
Q

standard sea level temperature

A

15C or 59F

38
Q

what is Bernoulli’s Principle?

A

“an increase in the speed of fluid simultaneously with decrease in pressure”

39
Q

who discovered the basic principle of pressure differential of subsonic airflow (swiss physicist)

A

Daniel Bernoulli

40
Q

continuity equation

A

p1 A1V1=p2 A2 V2

41
Q

three imaginary lines that pass through an aircraft’s CG

A

axes of an aircraft

42
Q

imaginary axles around which the aircraft turns

A

axes

43
Q

three axes pass through the CG at what angle to each other?

A

90°

44
Q

axis passes through the CG and parallel to a line from nose to tail is what?

A

longitudinal axis

45
Q

motion about the aircraft’s longitudinal axis

A

roll

46
Q

roll is controlled by

A

ailerons

47
Q

axis that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip

A

lateral axis

48
Q

motion about its lateral axis

A

pitch

49
Q

pitch is controlled by

A

elevators

50
Q

axis that passes through the CG at the right angles to the other two axes

A

vertical axis

51
Q

motion about its vertical axis

A

yaw

52
Q

yaw is controlled by

A

rudder

53
Q

inherent quality of an aircraft to correct for conditions that may disturb its equilibrium and to return to or to continue on the original flight path

A

stability

54
Q

the flight paths and attitudes an aircraft flies are limited by what?

A

aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, its propulsion system, and its structural strength

55
Q

initial tendency, or direction of movement, back to equilibrium

A

static stability

56
Q

refers to the aircraft’s initial response when disturbed from a given pitch, yaw, or bank

A

static stability

57
Q

initial tendency of the aircraft to return to the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed

A

positive static stability

58
Q

initial tendency of the aircraft to remain in a new condition after its equilibrium has been disturbed

A

neutral static stability

59
Q

initial tendency of the aircraft to continue away from the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed

A

negative static stability

60
Q

refers to the aircraft response over time when disturbed from a given pitch, yaw, or bank

A

dynamic stability

61
Q

over time, the motion of the displaced object decreases in amplitude and object displaced returns toward the equilibrium state

A

positive dynamic stability

62
Q

once displaced, the displaced object neither decreases nor increases in amplitude.

A

neutral dynamic stability

63
Q

over time, the motion of the displaced object increases and becomes more divergent

A

negative dynamic stability

64
Q

quality of an aircraft that permits it to be maneuvered easily and to withstand the stresses imposed by maneuvers.

A

maneuverability

65
Q

what governs the maneuverability

A

it is governed by the aircraft’s weight, inertia, size and location of flight controls, structural strength, and powerplant.

66
Q

capability of an aircraft to respond to the pilot’s control, especially with regard to flight path and attitude

A

controllability

67
Q

quality of the aircraft’s response to the pilot’s control application when maneuvering the aircraft, regardless of its stability characteristics.

A

controllability

68
Q

In designing an aircraft, a great deal of effort is spent in developing the what?

A

desired degree of stability around all three axes

69
Q

quality that makes an aircraft stable about its lateral axis. It involves the pitching motion as the aircraft’s nose moves up and down in flight.

A

longitudinal stability (pitching)

70
Q

if the aircraft’s speed decreases, what also decreases?

A

speed of the airflow over the wing

71
Q

effect of decreased flow of air over the wing?

A

downwash is reduced, lesser downward force on the horizontal stabilizer

midterms aamt 1-10 (3 decks)

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