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midterms aamt 1-10 > theory of flights > Flashcards

theory of flights Flashcards

1
Q

is a mixture of several gases

A

air

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2
Q

air is a mixture of what

A

one-fifth oxygen and fourth-fifths nitrogen

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3
Q

components of air

A

78 percent (by volume) nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 1 percent argon, 0.03 percent carbon dioxide and traces of several other gases such as hydrogen, helium, neon, etc.

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4
Q

what are the different layers of the atmosphere

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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5
Q

starts at the Earth’s surface This part of the atmosphere is the densest. Almost all weather is in this region

A

troposphere

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6
Q

how long is the troposphere

A

8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles

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7
Q

The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer.

A

stratosphere

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8
Q

where does the stratosphere start and end

A

above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high

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9
Q

Meteors burn up in this layer

A

mesosphere

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10
Q

how long is mesosphere

A

starts just above the stratosphere and extends to 85 kilometers (53 miles) high

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11
Q

Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.

A

thermosphere

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12
Q

where does thermosphere start and end

A

above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high

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13
Q

This is the upper limit of our atmosphere

A

exosphere

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14
Q

where does exosphere extends to

A

It extends from the top of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km (6,200 mi).

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15
Q

describe the pressure in higher and lower altitudes

A

higher altitudes have less pressure than those in lower altitudes

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16
Q

the temperature ___ as the altitude ____

A

decreases, increases

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17
Q

a measure of hotness or coldness of a body.

A

temperature

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18
Q

water freezes at what C and boils at what C

A

0 C and 100 C

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19
Q

how much is the decrease in temperature per 1000 ft

A

2C or 3F

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20
Q

what also decreases with increasing altitude because of the decreasing temperature

A

density

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21
Q

what is newton’s first law of motion

A

a body in motion remains in motion or a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted upon by a force

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22
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion

A

force = mass times acceleration

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23
Q

what is newton’s 3rd law of motion

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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24
Q

what are the four forces acting on an airplane in flight

A

lift thrust drag weight

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25
arrows which show the forces acting on an airplane
vectors
26
what does the upward force do
lift; sustains the airplane in flight with help of wings
27
what does the forward acting force do
thrust; opposes drag and propels the plane using propeller
28
it is not constant as it varies with the equipment, passengers, cargo, and fuel load.
weight
29
includes all drag created by the airplane, except that drag directly associated with the production of lift. It is created by the disruption of the flow of air around the airplane’s surfaces.
parasite drag
30
three types of parasite drag
form drag, skin friction drag, interference drag
31
is created by any structure which protrudes into the relative wind. The amount of drag created is related to both the size and shape of the structure.
form drag
32
is caused by a roughness of the airplane surfaces.
skin friction drag
33
occurs when varied currents of air over an airplane meet and interact.
interference drag
34
main by-product of the production of lift. It is directly related to the angle of attack of the wing. The greater the angle, the greater the induced drag
induced drag
35
for an airplane is the sum of parasite and induced drag.
total drag
36
are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they also occur at points other than at the wing tips.
wingtip vortices
37
standard sea level temperature
15C or 59F
38
what is Bernoulli's Principle?
"an increase in the speed of fluid simultaneously with decrease in pressure"
39
who discovered the basic principle of pressure differential of subsonic airflow (swiss physicist)
Daniel Bernoulli
40
continuity equation
p1 A1V1=p2 A2 V2
41
three imaginary lines that pass through an aircraft's CG
axes of an aircraft
42
imaginary axles around which the aircraft turns
axes
43
three axes pass through the CG at what angle to each other?
90°
44
axis passes through the CG and parallel to a line from nose to tail is what?
longitudinal axis
45
motion about the aircraft's longitudinal axis
roll
46
roll is controlled by
ailerons
47
axis that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip
lateral axis
48
motion about its lateral axis
pitch
49
pitch is controlled by
elevators
50
axis that passes through the CG at the right angles to the other two axes
vertical axis
51
motion about its vertical axis
yaw
52
yaw is controlled by
rudder
53
inherent quality of an aircraft to correct for conditions that may disturb its equilibrium and to return to or to continue on the original flight path
stability
54
the flight paths and attitudes an aircraft flies are limited by what?
aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, its propulsion system, and its structural strength
55
initial tendency, or direction of movement, back to equilibrium
static stability
56
refers to the aircraft's initial response when disturbed from a given pitch, yaw, or bank
static stability
57
initial tendency of the aircraft to return to the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed
positive static stability
58
initial tendency of the aircraft to remain in a new condition after its equilibrium has been disturbed
neutral static stability
59
initial tendency of the aircraft to continue away from the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed
negative static stability
60
refers to the aircraft response over time when disturbed from a given pitch, yaw, or bank
dynamic stability
61
over time, the motion of the displaced object decreases in amplitude and object displaced returns toward the equilibrium state
positive dynamic stability
62
once displaced, the displaced object neither decreases nor increases in amplitude.
neutral dynamic stability
63
over time, the motion of the displaced object increases and becomes more divergent
negative dynamic stability
64
quality of an aircraft that permits it to be maneuvered easily and to withstand the stresses imposed by maneuvers.
maneuverability
65
what governs the maneuverability
it is governed by the aircraft's weight, inertia, size and location of flight controls, structural strength, and powerplant.
66
capability of an aircraft to respond to the pilot's control, especially with regard to flight path and attitude
controllability
67
quality of the aircraft’s response to the pilot’s control application when maneuvering the aircraft, regardless of its stability characteristics.
controllability
68
In designing an aircraft, a great deal of effort is spent in developing the what?
desired degree of stability around all three axes
69
quality that makes an aircraft stable about its lateral axis. It involves the pitching motion as the aircraft’s nose moves up and down in flight.
longitudinal stability (pitching)
70
if the aircraft's speed decreases, what also decreases?
speed of the airflow over the wing
71
effect of decreased flow of air over the wing?
downwash is reduced, lesser downward force on the horizontal stabilizer

midterms aamt 1-10 (3 decks)

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