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Ft. Rucker theory of flight > Theory of flight > Flashcards

Theory of flight Flashcards

1
Q

List the two components of total aerodynamic force

A

Lift and drag

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2
Q

Describe the relationship of lift to resultant relative wind

A

Perpendicular

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3
Q

Describe the relationsship between drag and resultant wind

A

Drag is parallel to and in the same direction of the resultant wind

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4
Q

Which type of drag decreases with an increase in airspeed?

A

Induced

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5
Q

Which type of drag increases with an increase in airspeed

A

Parasite

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6
Q

Define dissymmetry of lift

A

Differential (unequal) lift between advancing and retreating halves of the rotor disk

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7
Q

Relative wind velocity on the advancing blade equals blade speed _________ airspeed

A

plus

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8
Q

Relative wind velocity on the retreating blade equals blade speed ___________ airspeed

A

minus

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9
Q

What causes the advancing blade to flap uo?

A

An increase in lift

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10
Q

What causes the retreating blade to flap down?

A

A decrease in lift

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11
Q

How does the helicopter compensate for dissymmetry of lift?

A

Flapping

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12
Q

How does the pilot control dissymmetry of lift?

A

Cyclic feathering

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13
Q

Define blowback

A

Change in the attitude of the rotor system

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14
Q

How does the pilot correct for blowback?

A

Cyclic feathering

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15
Q

Which forces in the lift equation can the pilot control?

A

Coefficient of lift and airspeed

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16
Q

What are the three factors in air density (1/2 rho) tha will affect lift?

A

Pressure, temperature and humidity

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17
Q

A semi-rigid disk tilts relative to the_____

A

Mast

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18
Q

An articulated disk tilts relative to the _______

A

Hub

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19
Q

Define centrifugal force

A

Outward force produced whenever a body moves in a curved path

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20
Q

Define rotor blade coning

A

Upward flexing of the rotor blades

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21
Q

Rotor blade coning is a compromise between which two forces?

A

Lift and centrifugal force

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22
Q

Define gyroscopic precession

A

When a force is applied to a rotating body, it will manifest 90 degrees after application in the direction of rotation

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23
Q

Why is blade twisting necessary?

A

To distribute the lifting force more evenly along the blade

24
Q

A pedal turn to the right requires __________ (more/less) power than a pedal turn to the left.

A

Less

25
Q

Define translating tendency

A

Tendency of a single rotor helicopter to drift right while hovering

26
Q

List four methods used to overcome translating tendency in single rotor helicopters

A

Rigging the cyclic Tilting the mast Left cyclic Automated flight-control/stabilization augmentation system

27
Q

List the four rotor blade actions

A

Rotation Flapping Feathering Hunting

28
Q

Describe the relationship of total force to the tip path plane?

A

Perpendicular

29
Q

When the rotor disk is tilted, what are the two components of total force?

A

Lift and thrust

30
Q

What are the two flight conditions

A

Balanced and unbalanced

31
Q

At what altitude would the aircraft be in ground effect?

A

Less than one rotor diameter

32
Q

Loss or apparent loss, of ground effect is caused by? a____________ b____________ c____________ d____________ e____________ f____________

A

a. An altitude greater than one rotor diameter b. Trees and bushes c. Tail grass and uneven terrain d. Hovering over water e. Beginning of translational movement f. Hovering into the wind

33
Q

Define effective translational lift (ETL)

A

When the rotor completely outruns the recirculation of old vortices and begins to work in relatively undisturbed air

34
Q

Effective translational lift occurs at an airspeed of?

A

16-24KTS

35
Q

Transvers flow effect is noticeable at an airspeed of

A

10-20KTS

36
Q

Label the components

A
  1. Tip path plane / plane of rotation
  2. Chord line
  3. Axis of rotation
  4. Rotational relative wind
  5. Induced flow
  6. AOA
  7. Resultant relative wind
  8. Angle of incidence
  9. Lift
  10. Drag
  11. TAF (resultant force)
37
Q

List the three simultaneous conditions required for settling with power

A

Vertical or near vertical descent of at least 300 fpm

/ 20-100% engine power

/ slow airspeed less than ETL

38
Q

Required recovery procedure for setlling with power

A

Increase airpseed with power

/ Reduce collective as altitude permits

/ Adjust rotor RPM to normal operating range

39
Q

Define autorotation

A

The flight condition which no engine power is supplied and the main rotor is driven only by the action of the relative wind

40
Q

Dynamic rollover occurs due to a combination of which two factors

A

Human and physical

41
Q

Operating at what speed is most likely to produce retreating blade stall

A

High forward speed

42
Q

Symptoms of retreating blade stall

A

Abnormal vibration, pitch-up and left roll

43
Q

Describe the recovery procedure from retreating blade stall

A

Reduce collective pitch

/ regain control of the aircraft

44
Q

Define true airspeed

A

CAS corrected for density error

45
Q

Define rotational relative wind

A

The flow of air parallel and opposite the direction of the flight path

46
Q

Define resultant relative wind

A

Rotational relative wind modified by induced flow

47
Q

Define induced flow

A

Downward flow of air through the rotor blades

48
Q

How is the angle of incidence measured

A

Between the chord of an airfoil and the plane of rotation

49
Q

Define angle of attack

A

The angle between the chord of an airfoil and the resultant relative wind

50
Q

Takeoff to a hover is an example of which of Newtons three laws?

A

Action/reaction

51
Q

What is total force a component of?

A

Lift and thrust

52
Q

How do you obtain ETL?

A

Horizontal flight or hovering in a headwind

53
Q

What happens at max flap up at 3 o’clock in relation to induced flow and AOA?

A

Induced flow increases and AOA decreases

54
Q

List the four causes for excessive coning

A

Low RPM’s / High gross weight / high G maneauvers / turbulent air

55
Q

Three adverse effects to excessive coning

A

Loss of disk area / loss of total lift / stress on the blades

56
Q

What happens to the fwd half of the disk at the transverse flow effect?

A

Induced flwo decreases, AOA increases

Ft. Rucker theory of flight (1 decks)

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