Theory I Flashcards
1
Q
What office is responsible for zoning of
their respective jurisdictions and final land
use and zoning planes to be submitted to
HLURB (Housing and Land Use Regulatory
Board for approval?
A
All of the above
2
Q
The following elements are to considered when planning Expressways:
I. No frontage access
II. Development set well back from the Highway
III. Grade separated intersections
extremely high flows and other
intersecting expressways
IV. Number of intersections to be minimize
V. Where necessary or for emergency purposes, parking/stopping to be provided clear of the main carriageway.
A
All of the above
3
Q
National Roads are continuous in extent
that form part or the main trunk line system; all
roads leading to national ports, national seaports,
parks or coast-to-coast roads. National arterial
roads are classified into different groups from the
viewpoint of
function
A
All of the above
4
Q
The elements to consider when planning
National Roads are:
I. Limited trontage access
II. Development set well back from the Highway
III. All access to premises provided via provincial roads
IV. Number of intersections to be minimized
V. Suitable at-grade channelized
intersections for minor flows and other elements
VI. No roadside vendors
A
All of the above
5
Q
Bypasses around communities
countermeasures are aimed at improving
safety and reducing the volume of through
traffic inside the community. Where a
bypass can be justified, the most important
considerations are:
I. The opportunity should be taken to reinforce the road hierarchy by downgrading the old road to discourage through traffic;
II. Access to the bypass should be
restricted to only a few points where
safe intersections and spur roads can be provided to line the existing
network: Direct access from frontage land should not be permitted;
III. Provisions should be left for future expansion or development of the
community but such developments
should be served by service roads
and spur roads.
A
All of the above
6
Q
Where a bypass cannot be justified,
countermeasures should be implemented
to slow down the speeds of through traffic
as it passes through the community or
trading centers as follows:
I. Warning signs and rumble strips can
be used to alert drivers about speed-
reducing devices ahead;
II. A series of road humps increasing in
height from 40 mm to around 80 mm
can be used gradually to slow down
traffic in pedestrian predominated
area;
III. Road narrowing (with due regard for
capacity needs) can be used to induce
lower speeds as traffic passes
through the community; and;
IV. In order to alert drivers that they are
entering a community, it is generally
regarded that some form of gateway
treatment on theapproaches is beneficial (e.g.,
substandard curve,tree lining, or even non-rigid
gate structure).
A
All of the above
7
Q
When choosing a design speed for a road
project, the following factors need to be
considered:
I. Function of the road
II. Anticipated operating speed
III Anticipated speed limit
IV. Economics
A
All of the above
8
Q
On open country roads with no
“blind corners” not closely bordered
By habitation, the maximum speed
for passenger cars and motorcycles is:
A
80 kph
9
Q
On open country roads with no
“blind corners” not closely bordered by
habitation, the maximum speed for motor
trucks and buses is:
A
50 kph
10
Q
On “through streets” or boulevards clear of
traffic, with no “blind corners” when so
designated, the maximum speed for
passenger cars and motorcycles is:
A
40 kph
11
Q
On “through streets” or boulevards clear of
traffic, with no “blind corners” when so
designated, the maximum speed for motor
trucks and buses is:
A
30 kph
12
Q
On “through streets” or boulevards clear of
traffic, with no “blind corners” when so
designated, the maximum speed for motor
trucks and buses is:
A
30 kph
13
Q
Through crowded streets, approaching
intersections at “blind corners”, passing
school zones passing other vehicles which
are stationary, or for similar dangerous
circumstances, the maximum speed for
passenger cars, motorcycles, motor trucks
and buses is:
A
20 kph
14
Q
The maximum speed for cars and motorist
in high-risk pedestrian areas is:
A
30 kph
15
Q
The maximum speed for cars and motorist
in low-risk pedestrian areas is:
A
60 kph
16
Q
The speed limit appropriate on roads where
there are no footpaths and pedestrians are
required to walk on the road is:
A
40 kph
17
Q
The speed limit appropriate on a high
standard duplicated carriageway road
where there is only occasional access from
adjoining properties is:
A
80 kph
18
Q
The speed limit appropriate on a very high
standard expressways, which have low
crash rate is:
A
100 kph
19
Q
At the start of a new speed zone, a speed
limit sign should be erected on the left and
right sides of the road. Then within the first kilometer, there should be two (2) farther pairs of repeater speed limit signs. After that, repeater signs should be placed at spacing.
A
1 km
20
Q
The speed limit appropriate on lower
standard expressways.
A
80 or 90 kph
21
Q
The capacity of a route can be affected by
the following factors:
A
All of the above
22
Q
Ideal capacity of a road is:
A
2000 vph
23
Q
The specific location of turnouts shall be
determined taking into consideration the
following conditions:
I. Turnout shall beplaced at locations/poblacions
where pedestrians are normally concentrated.
II. A turnout may be placed at least 50.0
meters after a road intersection.
III. Minimum distance between two
consecutive turnouts in one direction
shall not be less than 500 meters in
cities/urban centers. In other areas,
the minimum distance shall not be
less than 1 kilometer.
IV. Turnouts should be placed on or adjacent to
horizontal and vertical curves that limits the sight
distances in either direction.
A
All of the above
24
Q
The required length of the turnout shall be
determined considering a length of _____
meters for each bus.
A
15.0
25
Turnouts shall have a minimum width of ____
vehicles meters to accommodate all types of
vehicles.
3.60
26
Turnouts shall not be placed opposite each
other but shall be placed not less than
meters apart.
30.0
27
The pavement thickness of turnout shall no
case be less than for asphalt.
100 mm
28
The pavement thickness of turnout shall no
case be less than for concrete.
230 mm
29
For adequate drainage of surface run-off, drainage facilities such as curb and gutter, inlets and storm sewer shall be provided within the turnout. The following shall be observed:
I. The cross slope of the turnout shall be 0.50% steeper than the cross slope of the adjacent lane of the existing carriageway.
II. The gutter alongside the turnout shall have the same slope as the existing carriageway.
III. On carriageway with existing storm sewer, the turnout shall be provided with inlets (spacing of 20.0 meters) and connecting pipes to the existing carriageways.
IV. On level carriage ways with no existing storm sewer, the gutter alongside the turnout shall be sloped to 0.30%
All of the above
30
The following are vulnerable road users:
I. Pedestrians
II. People with disabilities
III. Non-motorized vehicles
IV. Motorcycles
V. Dilapidated vehicles
I. ll. Ill and IV only
31
Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic. Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads for parallel parking -_____ m. on both approach and exit sides.
6
32
Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic. Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances from the boundaries
of intersecting roads for parallel parking -_____ m.
on both approach and exit sides.
12
33
The following guidelines should be observed for
angle parking:
I. The word "Angle Parking" shall be
indicated on the parking signs as well
as the angle of parking to the curb.
II. Pavement marking of parking bays is
desirable, particularly where the required angle is
not 45 to 90 degrees.
III. Angle parking shall not be installed
where visibility restrictions would create hazardous
operating environment, such as the inside of a
bend or on a crest.
All of the above
34
When considering parking adjacent to
barrier lines the following factors should
be considered:
I. If parking maneuvers can be made
clear of through lanes. Generally, at
least 3 meters needs to be available
for moving traffic between the parked
vehicle and the barrier line for a single
lane of traffic.
II. The loss of capacity during parking
maneuvers if the maneuvers are not
completely clear of through lanes.
III. The safety and potential of vehicles
crossing the barrier line to pass a
vehicle in a parking or unparking
maneuver even though this is an
unlawful maneuver.
All of the above
35
The first aim of safe road design is to ensure that
road users remain safely on the road. This
depends on the following factors.
I. a sound road surface
II. an adequate width or cross section:
III. horizontal and vertical alignment;
IV. good visibility/sight distance
V. delineation and signing
VI. provision for pedestrian, pedal, cyclist
and people with disabilities;
VII. management of traffic conflicts at
intersections; and
VIII. speed management
All of the above
36
The areas where the state of the road
surface condition and good texture of the
road surface is particularly important
where vehicles are required to brake or
maneuver suddenly such as:
I. On the approach to traffic signals
II. At roundabouts
III. Around tight curves
IV. On downhill slopes
All of the above
37
Other aspects that could contribute to loss
of control on curves are:
I. Adverse superelevation;
II. Poor sight distance; and
Ill. Poor surface condition
All of the above
38
The provision of safety sight distance
depends on the characteristics of the
driver such as:
I. Alertness of driver
II. Recognition of the hazard
III. Actions available to the driver - 10
stop or to change direction
IV. Decision of the driver
I, Il and Ill only
39
The provision of safety sight distance
depends on the characteristics of the
vehicle such as:
I. Type of vehicle - car and truck
II. Friction between the tire and the road
IIl. Eye height of the driver
IV.Speed of vehicles
All of the above
40
The provision of safety sight distance
depends on the characteristics of the road
environment such as:
I. Road geometry - grade and curvature
sight limitations
II. Road surface - sealed or unsealed, smooth or
rough
III. Road illumination at night
IV. Road topography
I, Il and Ill only
41
The provision of safety sight distance
depends on the characteristics of the road
environment such as:
I. Road geometry - grade and curvature
sight limitations
II. Road surface - sealed or unsealed, smooth or
rough
III. Road illumination at night
IV. Road topography
I, Il and Ill only
42
Each type of sight distance consists of three elements:
I. Driver Eye Height
II. Object Height
Ill. Sight Distance
IV. Velocity of Vehicle
I, Il and Ill only
43
What are the components in stopping sight
distance?
I. Reaction distance the distance
traveled while the driver perceives a
hazard, decides to take action, then
acts by starting to apply the brakes to
start slowing down; and
II. Braking distance the distance required for the
vehicle to slow down and stop
III. Height of driver's eye above the Roadway
IV. Height of object
I and Il only
44
The reaction time to be used for road
safety design is _______ seconds. This value is
applied to the whole range of design
speeds.
2.5
45
Minimum K value vertical curves should be
selected on the basis of the different
controlling factors:
I. Sight distance is a requirement in all
situations for driver safety;
II. Appearance is generally required in
low fill and flat topography situations; and
III. Riding comfort is a general
requirement with specific need on
approaches to a floodway where the
length of depression needs to be
minimized.
All of the above
46
Criterias used for the establishment of sag
vertical curves:
I. Headlight sight distance
II. Passenger comfort
III. Drainage control
IV. General appearance
V. Velocity of cars passing thru the curve
I, I, Ill and IV only
47
Shoulder paving is a valuable method of
providing:
I. Integrity of the pavement
II. Width to place edgeline pavement markings
III. Additional safety to prevent vehicles
skidding or drivers losing control in
gravel
IV. Low maintenance costs compared
with unpaved shoulders
All of the above
48
Types of curb & gutter:
I. Barrier curb & gutter
II. Barrier curb
III. Mountable/drop curb & gutter
IV. Mountable/drop curb
All of the above
49
The most important criteria to consider to
avoid safety hazards created by the drainage
ditches is the actual reconnaissance survey during
wet whether to identify the natural run-out
locations. Slopes on the side nearest the road
should not be steeper than _______and preferable
flatter as this will minimize accident severity. The
slope farthest from the road may be as steep as
the ground will permit.
3:1
50
A pedestrian bridge adjacent to the bridge
used by vehicles can be an option where
insufficient width is available for pedestrians. This
can be cantilevered off the structure of the road
bridge. A minimum width of _____
should be provided, although it may need to be
wider for the higher pedestrian and cycle
volumes.
1.5 m
51
The design of overtaking lanes and climbing lanes
requires the consideration of the:
I. Initial diverge taper
II. Auxiliary lane length
Ill. End or merge taper
All of the above
52
Turnout is a very short section of full
constructed shoulder or added lane that is
provided to allow slow vehicles to pull
aside and be overtaken. The length of
turnout lanes for an average approach
speed of 30 kph is equal to:
60 m
53
Where long steep grades occur, it is desirable to provide emergency escape
ramps. There are to be located to slow or
stop an out of control vehicle away from
the main traffic stream. Out of control
vehicles result from drivers losing control
of their vehicle. The following are the types
of escape ramps:
I. Sand Pile
II. Descending Grade
III.Horizontal Grade
IV. Ascending Grade
All of the above
54
Delineation of the road alignment needs to
be considered as part of the design process to
ensure that adequate guidance is provided to road
users. Delineation is generally provided by the use
of the following devices:
I. Pavement Markings
II. Signs
III.Guide posts
IV. Reflective delineators
V. Lighting
VI.Curb or other physical devices
All of the above
55
An intersection is the junction where two
road either cross or meet. The types of
intersections that generally exist on the
road network are:
I. Unflared and unchannelized intersections
(without widening or traffic islands)
II. Flared and unchannelized intersections (with
widening but without traffic islands) and
Ill. Channelized intersections (traffic islands to
guide traffic)
IV. Multiple intersections
I, Il and Ill only
56
Common types of intersections are:
I. Cross-intersections
II. T-intersections
III. Y-intersections
IV. Other multi-legged junctions
V. Roundabouts
All of the above
57
Principles of good design to reduce the likelihood
of traffic accidents include;
I. Minimize the speed of vehicles at potential
collision points .
II. Separate movements and points of
conflict by channelization, or in some
situations, prohibit certain movements (and
provide for them at other intersections along the
route)
III. Control movements to reduce the
possibility of conflict and
IV. Clearly define vehicle paths by use of
pavement markings
All of the above
58
Traffic can be controlled at intersections by
traffic control device such as
I. Regulatory signs
II. Traffic signals
III. Roundabouts
All of the above
59
Purpose of traffic signals placed
on controlled intersections is to:
I. Separate vehicle movements in time.
This minimizes conflicts.
II. Minimize delays at an intersection
III. Enable vehicles from a side road to
cross or enter the major road
IV. Assist pedestrians in crossing the
road
All of the above
60
A conflict point occurs where two travel
paths interact or cross. Safe intersection
design uses the following principles:
I. Minimizing the number of conflict
points
II. Minimizing the area of conflict
III. Separating points of conflict
IV. Giving preference to major
movements
V. Minimizing relative speed of
conflicting movements
All of the above
61
The speed of vehicles through
intersection depends on the following:
I. Alignment
II. Road environment
III. Traffic volume and composition
IV. Traffic control devices
All of the above
62
Low relative speed conditions
intersections can be obtained by:
I. Choosing a layout where conflicting
movements cross at angles less than
or equal to 90 degrees
II. Providing a layout or alignment that
slows down approaching vehicles
III. Providing declaration lanes
All of the above
63
The safety of an intersection can be
improved by provision of right and left
auxiliary turning lanes. Turning lanes also
improve intersection capacity and traffic
flow. They are particularly important if the
volume of traffic making these moves is
high or if the through or oncoming traffic
flows are high.
Provision for turning lanes can generally
be provided in the following ways:
I. Shared turning and through lane
Il. Flaring and tape
III. Separate lane for deceleration and
storage
IV. Establishment of a traffic island
I, Il and Ill only
64
Right turn slip lanes are provided to
minimize the delays for right turning
vehicles and to make the right turn
movement easier and safer.
A traffic island is provided with this
treatment to:
I. Guide traffic into defined paths
II. Separate through, turning
and opposing traffic movements
III. Give advance warning of the
intersection to approaching drivers
IV. Provide refuge for pedestrians
V. Prohibit undesirable or unnecessary
traffic movements
All of the above
65
The types of slip lane arrangements are:
I. High entry angle slip lane
II. Free flow slip lane
III. Slow entry angle slip lane
I and Il only
66
Roundabouts may be appropriate in the following situations:
I. At intersections with high accident
rates
II. When physical control of speed is
desirable
III. When the flows on each approach are
Balanced and capacity analysis indicates that
volumes can be managed
IV. When the volume of left turners is
significant
V. If traffic signals may be inefficient e.g.
due to a large number of phases
VI. For multi-legged intersections
All of the above
67
Roundabouts may not be appropriate in the
following situations:
I. Where satisfactory geometric design
cannot be provided due to insufficient
space of unfavorable topography
II. Where unbalanced flows with high
Volumes are on one or more approaches
IIII. Where a major road intersects a minor
road and a roundabout would result in
unacceptable delay to the major road
IV. Where there is considerable
pedestrian activity and due to high
traffic volumes it would be difficult for
pedestrians to cross at the intersection.
All of the above
68
The maximum design speed through
roundabout should be generally _______
in urban areas
40 kph
69
The maximum design speed through
roundabout should be no greater than
in rural areas.
50 kph
70
The first objective in road safety is to keep
road users safely on the road pavement
with a reasonable width, a sound road
surface, a predictable alignment and good
delineation and signs.
However, it must be recognized that drivers
and riders are only human and will
sometimes make mistakes and lose control
of their vehicles.
The reasons that they might lose control
are many, for example:
I. Excessive speed
II. Fatigue or inattention
III. Alcohol or drugs
IV. Road condition
All of the above
71
Some typical road environment hazards
are:
I. Poles
II. Trees
III. Steep side slopes
IV. Water courses, dams
V. Culvert endwalls
VI Fences and encroaching buildings
VIl. Bridge piers and abutments
VIll. speed management
All of the above
72
The options for treating roadside hazards
are:
I. Remove the hazard
II. Move the hazard outside the clear zone
III. Modify the hazard so that it is not
so dangerous
IV. Replace the hazard with something
that is not so dangerous
V. Shield the hazard with a barrier
system
All of the above
73
In accordance with the National
Corporative Highway Research Project 350
(NCHRP350) procedures, there are six test levels
to provide a range of restraint requirements and
impact severity
conditions. The criteria is based on:
I. Structural adequacy of the barrier
system
II. Occupancy risk and the impact
velocity and ride down acceleration
limits
III. Vehicle trajectory after impact
All of the above
74
Different types of road safety barrier
systems:
I. Flexible Wire Rope Safety Barrier Systems
II. Semi Rigid Systems
Ill. Rigid Systems
IV. Road Work Systems
All of the above
75
The location safety barriers in the vicinity
of curb and gutter is to be considered
carefully. If curb and gutter is essential in
high-speed locations, the face of curb
should be located:
I. At least 3 m from the face of concrete safety barriers
Il. At least 3 m from W-beam and wire
rope safety barriers for concrete
barrier curb
Ill. At least 3.0 m from W-beam safety
barrier or wire rope safety barrier for
concrete mountable/drop curb & gutter
IV. In areas where the operating speed is
less than 70 kph, an offset of 0.2 to
0.3 m can be tolerated to minimize
damage to vehicles
All of the above
76
The warrant for the use of safety barriers
can be established considering:
I. Fore slope or back slope steepness and
height
II. Unforgiving hazards within the clear zone
III. Water hazards within the clear zone
All of the above
77
Signs are classified in the following groups
according to their use.
I. Regulatory Signs
II. Warning Signs
III. Guide Signs or Informative Sign
IV. Signs for Expressways
V. Signs for Special Purposes
VI. Hazard Markers
All of the above
78
To be effective, the road sign should meet the
five basic requirements:
I. Fulfill a need
II. Command attention
III. Convey a clear, simple message
IV. Command respect; and
V. Give adequate time for proper response
All of the above
79
How many letters and numerals being used
for signs?
6
80
The letter size of a traffic sign indicates the
standard size as 160 DM which means:
160 mm series D letters at medium spacing
81
The letter size of traffic sign indicates the
standard size as 90 LC would mean:
90 mm lower case letters that are always at wide
spacing
82
It should be noted that when all signs rules have
been followed, some visuals judgement must be
exercised in adjusting signs elements. The
following general rules are to be applied when
designing the sign face.
I. Cramping of legend is to be avoided;
II. Avoid large areas of blank panel, particularly
blank areas not symmetrically disposed across the
panel;
III. If there are two list of legends side by side (e.g.,
as on Reassurance Signs) it is necessary to left
justify the left list and right justify the right list;
IV. Elements such as arrows and symbols may
sometimes have to be larger than the principal
legend would normally require. For example, an
arrow relates to several lines of legends on a
direction sign.
All of the above
83
Generally, there should not be more than one
signs, of a particular type on each post, except
when one sign supplements another or where
route or directional signs must be grouped. When
it becomes necessary to convey two or more
different messages at one location, separate signs
must be located a minimum distance of ___.
0.6V where V is the 85th percentile speed in kph
84
The following conditions should be considered in
the erection of overhead signs displays:
I. Traffic volumes at or near capacity
II. Complex or closely spaced interchanges
III. Three or more lanes in each direction
IV. Restricted sight distance
V. Multi lane exits
VI. Large percentage of trucks
VII. Street lighting background
VIII. High speed traffic
IX. Consistency of signs message location
through series of interchanges
X. Insufficient space for ground mounted Signs
All of the above
85
Signs should be mounted approximately at right
angles to the direction of and facing the traffic they
are intended to serve. At curve alignments, the
angle of placement should be determined by the
course of approaching traffic rather than by the
roadway edge at the point where the signs is
located.
To eliminate possible and undesirable reflection
from the surface of the sign, it should be turned
about ____ away from the normal to headlight
beam. After signs are installed, it is good practice
to test them by trail approach run in a motor vehicle
both by day and night.
5˚
86
What are the classification of regulatory signs?
I. Priority signs
II. Direction signs
III. Prohibitive or Restricted Signs
IV. Speed signs
V. Parking signs
VI. Miscellaneous signs
All of the above
87
What are the different sixes for regulatory signs?
I. Size A for urban low speed roads
II. Size B for rural roads with speed
III. Size C for high-speed rural highways multi-lane
urban roads
IV. Size D for Expressways
V. Size E for Municipal roads
I, II, III and IV only
88
What are the classification of warning signs?
I. Horizontal Alignment Signs
II. Intersection and Junction Signs
III. Advance warning of traffic control Device signs
IV. Road width signs
V. Road obstacle signs
VI. Pedestrian and School Signs
VII. Railway level Crossing
VIII. Supplementary Signs
IX. Other Warning Signs
All of the above
89
In urban areas, advance warning signs should be
placed at a distance of ____ in advance of the
hazardous area.
Not less than 30 m. or more than 100 m
90
In rural areas, advance warning signs should be
placed at a distance of ____ in advance of the
hazardous area.
Not less than 75 m. nor more than 225 m.
91
The different general size of Horizontal Alignment
Signs:
I. Size A, for use of urban or low speed
II. Size B, for rural roads with speed limits between
60 and 70 kph
III. Size C, for high-speed rural highways
IV. Size D, for high-speed urban roads
All of the above
92
Types of Horizontal Alignment Signs, which are
used to indicate the type of road curve ahead of
the motorist.
I. Sharp turn
II. Reverse turn
III. Curve turn
IV. Reverse turn
V. Winding Road
VI. Hairpin Curve
All of the above
93
Clearance sign shall be rectangular in shape which
should be in black letters on white reflectorized
background. The size of the sign shall not be less
than ______
1500 mm x 600 mm with the long axis horizontal
94
The low clearance sign shall be rectangular in
shape and not less than 1950 mm x 600 mm in size
with the long axis horizontal. It shall be installed on
all bridges, underpasses and other structures.
Vertical clearance shall be reckoned from the
highest flood level.
4.8 m
95
The Slow Down Accident Prone Area or Bumagal
Madalas ang aksidente Dito Signs shall be
rectangular in shape and not less than _____.
1600 mm x 600 mm in size with long axis horizontal
96
Classification of signs in the Directional Signing
series are:
I. Those installed in advance of the intersection
II. Those installed at the intersection
III. Those on departure from the intersection
IV. Those installed on expressways.
All of the above
97
Classification of guide signs
I. Advance Direction Sign
II. Intersection Direction Sign
III. Reassurance Destination Signs
IV. Finger Board Destination Signs
V. Street Name Signs
VI. Town Name and Geographical Feature
Signs
VII. Service Signs
VIII. Tourist information and Tourist
Destination Signs
IX. Route Markers
All of the above
98
The principal legend on a guide sign should be
limited to the number of words a driver can read
and in time he can turn his attention from the road
to the sign. The number of times of legend or
destination names that a guide sign should carry
should not be more than _____ lines of legends or
destination names.
3
99
When distance are shown on guide signs, the
following rules shall apply:
I. The distance shall be shown in meters for
distance up to 999 m
II. The distance shall be shown in 0.1 km
increments for distance from 1 km to 4.9
km
III. The distance shall be shown in 0.5 km
increments for distances from 5 km to
9.5 km
IV. To the nearest kilometer for greater
distances
All of the above
100
Typical methods of supporting overhead signs are:
I. Cantilever Support
II. Gantry Support
III. Butterfly Support
All of the above
101
Types of Advance Direction Signs:
I. Stack signs
II. Diagrammatic signs
III. Reflectorized signs
I and II only
102
Advance directions signs are used in advance of
an intersection to indicate destination along each
route leading away from the intersection, providing
prior information of the routes ahead by showing place, names, arrows, symbols, and instruction to
indicate directions.
Advance directions signs should usually be
erected.
I. in advance of intersection where to arterial roads
meet or cross; or an arterial road crossing a feeder
road
II. in advance of intersection where the arterial
road turns
III. on feeder road intersecting arterial road
IV. in advance of intersections where arterial road
may be confused with another road.
All of the above
103
The vertical sequence of panels of a stack signs:
I. straight ahead arrow – top of signs
II. Angled arrow above horizontal arrows
III. Alternate panels to have arrows at opposite
ends of the sign
All of the above
104
Other factors which may affect the size of letter or
sign include:
I. Distraction due to road side activities
II. Signs composed of short legends may
be enlarged to increase conspicuity
III. Signs containing short and long legends require
a balance of legend size to ensure equal visual
impact
IV. The need to emphasize a more important
direction by making larger than other names on the
sign
All of the above
105
Street name signs should be located on posts as
near as practical to the intersection so that they are
clearly visible to both pedestrians and drivers.
When the signs are erected in the footway, the
height shall be:
not less than 2.2 m. or more than 3 m. measured
to the bottom of the sign
106
Street name signs shall be rectangular in shape
with their long axis horizontal. The length of the
signs should be:
not less than 500 mm or more than 1.2 m
and vertical dimension shall have a minimum. of
200 mm if the sign contains both street name and
house numbers and not less than 150 mm for
street signs having only one street name
107
Town names signs and names of local
geographical feature signs should be expected on:
I. right side of the road
II. at the boundary or entrance to a town
Ill. left side of the road
IV. at the entrance and exit to a town
I and II only
108
The national highways could be identified b the
shield of a route marker that has black numerals
and border on reflectorized white background. The
size of the shield for route markers when erected
as an individual sign on national roads shall be
310 mm x 360 mm
109
The Route Markers should be incorporated in the
sign where advance direction signs are erected at
an intersection or junction.
Other Route Markers are located as
follows:
I. at all intersections and junctions where motorists
need to be assured of the route
II. beyond intersections and junctions before which
markers have been incorporated in the directional
signs
III. beyond all intersections and junctions with
important roads to indicate the correct route
number of the highway.
IV. just outside the built-up area leaving a city or
town
V. in rural areas at intervals of not more than 2 km
except where reassurance signs have been
erected bevond junctions which are spaced less
than 2 km apart
VI. in urban areas at intervals of not more than 2
km except where reassurance signs have been
erected beyond junctions which are spaced less
than 2 km apart
VII. at other locations where reassurance is
considered to be desirable
All of the above
110
Asian Highway Route Markers when erected as an
individual sign, the size of the shield on national
road is:
600 mm x 750 mm
111
Asian Highway Route Markers when erected as an
individual sign, the size of the shield on
expressways is:
720 mm x 900 mm
112
The Philippines is one of the 32 member countries
of UN-ESCAP. As part of our commitment, Route
Markers and Directional Signs shall be put along
the Asian Highway. Our country has been
assigned the Asian Highway route number AH26.
The route links major seaports and cities in the
country comprising mostly of the Dang Maharlika
which commence from Laoag - Manila - Legaspi-
Matnog - (Ferry) - Allen-Tacloban (-Ormoc-(Ferry)-
Cebu) - Liloan - (Ferry) - Surigao-Davao (-
Cagayan de Oro) - General Santos - Zamboanga.
The total length of AH26 is about__________.
3,517 km
113
Supplemental arrow board signs can be installed
and shall have black arrows or legend and black
border on reflectorized.
white background.
The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will
depend on the road or intersection geometry. In
rural areas, at intervals of not exceeding except
where reassurance signs have been erected
beyond junctions located within these limits.
10 km and not less than 5 km
114
Supplemental arrow board signs can be installed
and shall have black arrows o legend and black
border on reflectorized white background.
The direction of the arrows on the arrow board will
depend on the road or intersection geometry. In
urban areas at intervals not more than except
where reassurance signs have been erected
beyond junctions, which are spaced less than 2 km
apart.
5 km
115
Traffic instruction sign should not carry long
messages and where possible no more than lines
of messages should be used.
5
116
What are the types of Hazard Markers?
I. One-Way Hazard Markers
II. Two-Way Hazard Markers
III. Width Markers
IV. Obstruction Markers
All of the above
117
One-Way hazard markers indicate to the
approaching driver the direction to be followed if
the marker appears in the driving path. They may
point to the left or right as appropriate and are used
as follows:
I. To delineate an abrupt narrowing of pavement,
for example, at a lane drop;
II. At exposed ends of raised median islands where
traffic is required to pass to one side:
III. On central island of a roundabout
facing entering traffic; and
IV. To delineate the curve approach just prior to
entering an intersection.
All of the above
118
It is recommended that the spacing of the Chevron
signs should allow the driver to see at least. signs
in view while negotiating the curve until the change
in aljgnment eliminates the need for the sign.
3
119
What are the types and sizes of Chevron signs?
I. HM.14. 450 mm x 600 mm
II. HM-1B, 600 mm x 800 mm.
III. HM-1C, 500 mm x 800 mm
IV. HM-1D, 600 mm x 750 mm
I and Il only
120
Conditions when Width Markers are used at
approaches to road bridges:
I. where clearance to bridge curb from the end of
the running lane is less than the shoulder or curb
width of the approach road
II. where there are non-fragile vertical obstruction
less than 600 mm clear behind the bridge curb
III. where any bridge less than 2 m. wide than the
approach pavement or running portion of the
carriageway
IV. where there is no shoulder on the approach
road
I, Il and Ill only
121
The size of markers to be used at approaches to
road bridges:
I. A size - rural area where average traffic volume
is less than 300 vehicles per day
II. B size - all other cases
III. C size - where average traffic is less than 300
vehicles per day
IV. D size - where average traffic is less than 300
vehicles per day
I and Il only
122
Guide posts should be erected at or near the edge
of the road formation with a uniform distance from
the pavement edge.
The nominal spacing of guideposts on a straight
section of road shall be with post in pairs, one on
each side of the formation.
150 m
123
Pavement markings have definite functions and
limitations:
I. They are subject to traffic wear and require
proper maintenance;
II. They may not be clearly visible if the road is wet
or dusty;
III. They may be obscured by traffic;
IV. Their effect on skid resistance requires careful
choice of materials; and
V. They cannot be applied on unsealed roads.
All of the above
124
Types of Reflectorized Markings:
I. Retro Reflector Raised Pavement Markers
II. Hazard markers
III. Delineators
All of the above
125
Max. speed limit for urban/ rural roads.
60 kph
126
A center line may be marked on an urban or rural
road if one or more of the following conditions are
met:
I. Two lane road (greater than 6 m in width)
carrying an Annual Average Dailv Traffic (ADT) in
excess of 1001 vehicles
II. Two lane road (less than 6 m but more than 5 m
in width) carrying an ADT in excess of 300 vehicles
III. Winding roads with widths of 5 m or more.
IV. Two lane roads greater than 10 m. in
Width
I, Il and Ill only
127
The center line on a two-lane two-way rural road or
any other road where the 85th percentile speed (or
speed limit) is greater than 60 kph, shall be a
broken line, with a minimum width of 150 mm and
3 m. long with gaps of _____. spacing.
9 m
128
Lane lines on roads with 85th percentile speed (or
speed limit) of 60 kph or less shall have a minimum
width of 150 mm and 3 m. long with gaps.
6 m
129
Lane lines on roads with 85th percentile speed (or
speed limit) in excess of 60 kph shall be 150 mm
wide, 3 m. long and gaps.
9 m
130
Lane lines must not be continued on the following
cases:
I. Across sianalized intersections.
However. lane lines of low priority road must be
discontinued at the intersection.
II. Across side street entrances unless the street is
one-way street (going in only)
III. Past the start of the taper at which a multi-lane
road narrow down
IV. At approaches to widened or signalized
intersection
V. On divided roads
I, Il and Ill only
131
As a guide, lane lines should be used in the
following cases:
I. Where the road is wide enough for two or more
lanes of traffic in one direction with a two way
annual average daily traffic (AADT) of 8000 or
more (depending on whether parking is permitted)
II. At approaches widened signalized intersection
III. On divided roads
IV. Across signalized intersections
I, Il and Ill only
132
Barrier lines may consist of either:
_
I. Two unbroken yellow lines
II. Single unbroken yellow line
III. Single yellow line with a broken white
line
IV. Single white line with a broken yellow
Line
I, Il and Ill only
133
The following are the cases where barrier lines
should be used:
I. As center lines on approaches to signalized
intersections
II. As center lines of multi-lane roads where
overtaking must be prohibited. because of sign
restrictions
III. "No Passing' zones where there is a restricted
sight distance due to horizontal or vertical curves,
or both
IV. As center lines on approaches to railway
crossings
All of the above
134
Markings to 'No-Passing' Zones are applied to:
I. Vertical and horizontal curves on a two-lane
sealed road
II. Barrier lines shall not be marked unless the sight
distance available falls below the appropriate
minimum sight distance for at least the length
allowed
III. If the length of road, with sight distance below
the minimum sight distance, is less than the
minimum length of barrier line allowed.
IV. Where the distance between the end of one
barrier line and the beginning of the next barrier
line restricting traveling in the same direction is
less than that allowed for roads and highways
All of the above
135
The purpose of installing edge lines is generally
based on the following:
I. to discourage travel on road shoulders
II. to make driving safer and more assured,
particularly at night and during inclement weather
by providing a continuous guide for the driver
III. to act as a guide past objects, which are close
to the edge of pavement and which constitute a
hazard
IV. to prevent parking at or near
Intersections
All of the above
136
Types of Pedestrian Crossings
I. Zebra
II. Crosswalk
III. Giveaway
IV. Transition Crossings
I and ll only
137
Types of parking bays
I. Parallel parking
II. Angle parking
III. Double parking
IV. Curb parking
I and II only
138
Because of the high cost of installation and
maintenance, use of raised pavement markers
may be considered on the following condition:
I. In hilly areas where fog and rain are frequently
the causes of traffic accidents
II. In winding roads and accident-prone
Areas
Ill. In overpass or underpass
l and II only
139
Reflective markers placed at regular intervals in
gaps along a line may help to define the line
particularly at night or under foggy or wet
conditions.
The lines usually treated in this manner are:
I. Center lines
II. Edge lines
III. Turn lines
IV. Giveaway lines
I and ll only
140
Standard road signs fall into different categories:
I. those for which a complete graphic design is
preset, or substantially preset
II. those which are "made to measure"
III. those which conform to the graphic design
IV. those which include regulatory and warning
signs lines
I and Il only
141
Major track components of a railways consist of the
following
I. Ballast
II. Ties
III. Rail
IV. Switch
I, II and III only
142
Ballast in a railway has the following functions except
one
I. Distributing tie loads to the ballast
II. Anchoring track against lateral, vertical and longitudinal
movement
III. Providing for drainage of water away from rails and ties
IV. In cold climates, reducing frost heave by preventing
capillary action and providing insulation for the subgrade
V. Facilitating maintenance, especially maintenance of track
grade and replacement of ties
VI. Providing some resilience to help absorb dynamic loads
VII. Retarding growth of vegetation in the immediate vicinity
of the track structure
I
143
The major components of conventional railroad track
are as follows
I. Ballast
II. Ties
III. Rail
IV. Switches
V. Turnout
I, II and III only
144
The provision of safety sight distance depends on the
characteristics of the road environment such as:
I. Road geometry-grade curvature sight limitation and
II. Road surface-sealed or unsealed, smooth or rough
Ill. Road illumination at night
IV. Road topography
I, II, and III only
