theory exam fall23 Flashcards
what is a PAC?
V to I in root position, soprano on tonic
what is an IAC?
V to I in root position, soprano not on tonic
what is an HC?
any cadence that ends in V in root position
what is a deceptive cadence?
V to VI/vi
what is an EC?
V to I, NOT in root position
what pitches should be doubled in a vii dim (6) chord?
the 3rd (which is bass if it is in 1st inversion)
which chord(s) can a V6/5 chord go to?
always I
which chord(s) can a V4/3 chord go to?
I or I6
which chord(s) can a V4/2 chord go to?
I6
how many pitches must be in V7 chord inversions?
all 4
what pitches should be doubled in a ii6 chord?
root or 3rd
what is the harmonic function of a ii6 chord?
pre-dominant
what is the harmonic function of a vii dim (6) chord?
(prolong) dominant
what pitches should be doubled in a vi chord? (when it follows V)
3rd
what is the harmonic function of VI/vi? (when it follows V)
acts as tonic
how to part write a V to VI/vi deceptive cadence?
resolve the leading tone up, double to 3rd on VI/vi, all other voices resolve down
which NCT is approached and left by step (same direction) and is off the beat?
passing tone
which NCT is approached and left by step (same direction) and is on the beat?
accented passing tone
which NCT is approached and left by step (opposite directions) and is off the beat?
neighbor note
which NCT is approached and left by step (opposite directions) and is on the beat
accented neighbor note
which NCT contains multiple notes, is approached by step and leap, left by step, and is off the beat?
neighbor group/changing tones
which NCT is approached by leap or step and left by leap or step (one each) and is off the beat?
incomplete neighbor note
which NCT is approached by step and left by leap?
escape tone
which NCT is approached by leap and left by step?
appoggiatura
which NCT is approached by step before the chord it is part of and stays on the same note?
anticipation
which NCT is approached by the same note and left by step down?
suspension
which NCT is approached by the same note and left by step up?
retardation
which NCT stays on the same note for a prolonged period of time?
pedal tone
name all types of 6/4 chords
neighbor, passing, cadential
how to part write a neighbor 6/4 chord?
root stays the same, all other voices move up by step and back down
how to part write a passing 6/4 chord?
bass fills in a third moving up by step, contrary motion into doubled bass on the P6/4, add 6th and 4th from bass
how to part write a cadential 6/4 chord?
bass is scale degree 5, double bass in contrary motion and add 6th and 4th, move other voice down, then back up as bass moves to I
how to prepare and resolve the 7th of a V7 chord?
prepare by tie (same note) or step and resolve down by step
which pitches should be doubled in a IV chord?
root or 5th
what is the harmonic function of a IV chord?
pre-dominant
which pitches should be doubled in a V chord?
root or 5th
what is the harmonic function of a V chord?
dominant
what is the definition of a compound meter?
top can be divided by 3 and the big beats are groups of 3
what is the definition of a simple meter?
top can be divided by 2
list the rules for the first note of any species counterpoint
only begin on PU, P8, or P5
which intervals are considered consonant?
3, 5, 6, 8
which intervals are considered dissonant?
2, 4, 7
true or false: similar motion into perfect intervals is allowed in counterpoint
FALSE
what is the maximum number of 3rds or 6ths in a row?
three
what is voice overlap and is it allowed?
when one voice moves above or below where a higher or lower voice was on the previous note; it is NOT allowed
what is voice crossing and is it allowed?
when upper voices move below lower voices or lower voices move above upper voices; it is NOT allowed
what are the interval options for the last note of a counterpoint?
PU or P8 ONLY
true or false: PU intervals are not allowed on notes other than the first or last
TRUE
what are the note value options for the beginning of second and fourth species counterpoint?
2 half notes or a half rest followed by a half note
what are the note value options for the second to last measure of second and fourth species counterpoint?
a whole note or 2 half notes (second species is optional, fourth species is required)
what are the note value options for the last measure of second and fourth species counterpoint?
whole note
which beat (down beat or upbeat) allows dissonances in second species counterpoint?
upbeat
what is the only type of dissonance allowed in second species counterpoint?
passing tones
what is the best place for a leap in second species counterpoint?
within the measure (beat 1 to beat 2)
what is the rule for leaps across the bar line in second species counterpoint?
followed by a change in direction
what must follow stepwise motion from beat 1 to beat 2 in second species counterpoint?
continued stepwise motion in the same direction
true or false: perfect intervals on consecutive downbeats are allowed in second species counterpoint
FALSE
what scale degree must any species counterpoint end on?
tonic
which beat (downbeat or upbeat) allows dissonances in fourth species counterpoint?
downbeat
true or false: parallel perfect fifths are permitted on consecutive upbeats of fourth species counterpoint
TRUE; because they are separated by consonances
what type of dissonance is allowed in fourth species counterpoint?
suspensions
how are dissonances in fourth species counterpoint required to resolve?
DOWN by step
which suspensions are permitted in fourth species counterpoint?
ABOVE 9-8, 7-6, 4-3 BELOW 2-3
what are the rules for a clausula vera?
voices move in opposite directions, on by half step and one by whole step