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Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Deep external rotators

A 
Piriformis
Quadratus Femoris
Obturator Internus
Obturator Externus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
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2
Q

Hip Flexors

A

Rectus femoris acts as a hip flexor

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3
Q

Hip Adductors

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

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4
Q

Different Types of Muscles?

A

Involuntary controlled by the automatic nervous system (cardiac around the heart and smooth around the vital organs)
Voluntary muscles under our voluntary control/skeletal muscles what we focus on for dance

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5
Q

How do muscles move in pairs?

A

Concentric contraction

Eccentric contraction

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6
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Shortening with a force (agonist)

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7
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Lengthening while still holding force

antagonist (antagonist)

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8
Q

Muscles in the neck

A

Attach to front, back and sides of vertebrae producing forward, backward and sideways movement
Sternocleidomastoid
The pectoral girdle
Pectoralis Major

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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A 
long muscle located on either side of neck
flexes neck, rotates head 
laterally flex (tilt) the head to side
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10
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

muscles that support the shoulder girlde and shoulder joints
One set attaches shoulder girdle to truck of body
Another set joins shoulder girdle to humerus bone

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11
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Fan shaped muscle at top of chest
Helps to raise arm (shoulder flexion)
And pulls towards midline (shoulder adduction)

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12
Q

Muscles of Back

A

Muscles provide strength stability and movement to spinal column
involved in shoulder movement and participate in breathing process
Trapezius
Erector Spinae
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Teres Minor

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13
Q

Trapezius

A

Large flat triangular muscle
Back of neck
Steadies the shoulder
Assists the movement of the scapula

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14
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Three deep muscles running down the side of the spine
Powerful extensor in returning torso erect
Provides control for waist flexion

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15
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Large flat triangular shaped muscle that attaches from the spine and ribs to the upper arm
Prime mover for arm extension and adduction

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16
Q

Teres Major

A

Thick rounded muscle extending from the scapula to the humerus
helps to rotate arm and bring it close to the body (adduction)

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17
Q

Teres Minor

A

Small muscle extending from scapula to the humerus

rotator cuff muscle that helps to stabilise shoulder

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18
Q

Muscles of the Abdomen

A

Provides muscular casing for the abdominal organs and assist in the compression of these organs during breathing process
External Oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Transverse Abdominis

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19
Q

External Oblique

A

Outermost abdominal muscle
Supports organs of abdomen
Aids other prime movers in movement of the trunk

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20
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Deep vertical band of muscle on the abdomen segmented horizontally by bands of tendon (6 pack/8 pack)
Flexes trunk
Core stabiliser that pulls ribs down (flat) and stabilises pelvis

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21
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

inner most layer of the abdominal muscles

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22
Q

Muscles of Arms

A 
Arm muscles work in conjunction with the shoulder and elbow joints to allow wide range of movement: elevation, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
Deltoid
Biceps
Triceps
Extensor Digitorum
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23
Q

Deltoid

A

Thick rounded muscles over the shoulder
Prime mover in lifting arm away from body (abduction)
Also involved in rotation, flexion and extension of shoulder and arm

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24
Q

Triceps

A

Back of the humerus

Prime mover of forearm extension

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25
Biceps
Front of the humerus | Flexes the elbow joint
26
Extensor Digitorum
Surface muscle at back of forearm | Extends fingers & wrists & abducts (flares) fingers
27
Muscles of Hips & Legs
``` Work together to allow movement in hip joint Illiopsoas Gluteal muscles Gluteal minimus Gluteal Medius Gluteal Maximus ```
28
Illiopsoas
``` Composite of two muscles Illiacus attaches from illium Psoas attaches from the lumbar spine Front of hip joint Flexes the thigh and trunk and is important for postural muscles ```
29
Gluteus minimus
Deepest and smallest gluteal muscle | Actions same as gluteal minimus
30
Gluteus Medius
Second layer Thick muscle extending from the top of hip to top of femur Stabilises the pelvis Aids in abduction of leg and in rotation of thigh inwards
31
Gluteus Maximus
Surface muscle both large and powerful forms bulk of the buttocks Acts as a powerful extensor of the hip joint straightens thigh involved in abduction and rotation of thigh outward
32
Quadriceps Muscles
Formed of four seperate parts Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Starts in the pelvis and upper thigh bone tendons of four components merge and attach to kneecap & extend to point of attachment on tibia
33
Rectus Femoris
Surface muscle running vertically down front of thigh | Flexes hip and extends knee
34
Vastus Lateralis
Surface muscle that runs on the outside of the thigh | extends and supports knee
35
Vastus Medialis
Deep muscle on the inside of the rectus femoris | extends the knee and stabilises patella
36
Vastus Intermedius
Lies under rectus femoris extends knee
37
Hamstring Muscles
3 seperate muscles Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Surface muscles back of the thigh attach at the top of the ischium at base of pelvis, pass back of knee & attach to top of tibia Length is vital for dancers to enable movements such as kicks and splits safely
38
Biceps femoris
Outside of back of leg Extends thigh and flexes knee Rotates leg outward
39
Semitendinosus
Middle of the back of leg Extends thigh and flexes knee rotates leg inward
40
Semimembranosus
Deeper muscle to Semitendinosus extends thigh and flexes knee Rotates leg inwards
41
Muscles of lower leg
``` Calf region contains muscles responsible for movement of foot Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Soleus ```
42
Gastrocnemius
Large muscle at back of lower leg (calf) forms the main curve attached from the heel by achilles tendon plantar flexes foot (points) can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed
43
Tibialis Anterior
Muscle extends down along the outer edge of the tibia from knee to foot allows dorsiflexion and inversion movement of foot
44
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Muscle extending from knee down to toes slightly deeper and more lateral to tibialis anterior extends toes and helps dorsiflexion of foot
45
Peroneus Longus
Muscle extending from below knee to ankle on outside of lower leg Plantar flexes foot and raises side of foot outward (eversion)
46
Soleus
Broad, flat muscles that extends from below knee to heel Deep to the gastrocnemius Plantar flexes foot Very important for locomotor and postural control
47
Major tendons and ligaments
``` Achilles tendon Patella ligament Iliofermal and Pubofemoral ligaments Tibial collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament ```
48
Achilles’ tendon
Strongest tendon in the body | Connects the lower portion of Soleus and the gastrocnemius to the back of the calcaneus
49
Patella ligament
Continuation of the central portion of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris group over the kneecap and down to the upper end of the tibia
50
Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments
Y-shaped ligament | Two ligaments help control the degree of movement possible in the hip
51
Tibial collateral ligament
Inside of the knee joint connecting the femur to the tibia | Overstretching weakens the integrity of the knee joint and must be avoided
52
Fibular collateral ligament
Outside of knee joint connecting the femur to the tibia | Overstretching weakens the integrity of the knee joint and must be avoided
53
What is the musical tree
Semibreve- whole note equal to four crotchet beats Minim- half note equal to 2 crotchet beats Crotchet- quarter note equal to one count of the music Quaver- eight note equal to half a crotchet beat Semi quaver- sixteenth note equal to half a quaver beat
54
Rhythm
The organisation of beats within a bar according to strong and weak beats
55
Tempo
Indicated at the top of a sheet of music Indicated by a metronome mark indicates number of beats per minute How fast or slow a piece of music is played
56
Accent
Symbolised by an arrowhead above or below a note Indicated the note is to be played with force Gives light and shade to a piece of music
57
Syncopation
Particular type of rhythm where the and count is accented rather than the beat
58
Origin and definition
Origins of classical dance come from early 16th, 17th and 18th centuries social and court dances. It was during the 19th century that the ballet technique
59
Origin and definition
The origins of classical ballet come from the early 16th, 17th and 18th century social and court dances. It was in the 19th century when classical teachnique as we know it today was created. Most movements start and finish in one of the five positions of the feet or in a position derived from one of them. The arms and head are positioned and move according to certain rules. The basis of these rules lies partly in the natural laws of balance and opposition and partly in the aesthetics of a formal harmony of line.
60
Ball and socket joint
``` Shoulder and hip joint Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction circumduction rotation hyperextension` ```
61
Shoulder Joint
Ball and socket
62
Hip Joint
Ball and socket
63
Pivot joint
Atlas and Axis Radius and Ulna Rotation
64
Radius and Ulna
Pivot joint
65
Atlas and Axis
Pivot joint
66
Hinge Joint
``` Knee joint Elbow joint Ankle joint fingers and toes flexion/extension ```
67
Knee joint
Hinge Joint
68
Elbow Joint
Hinge Joint
69
Ankle Joint
Hinge Joint
70
Fingers and toes
Hinge | Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion
71
condyloid
Knuckles flexion/extension abduction/adduction
72
Knuckles
condyloid
73
ellipsoid
wrist joint flexion/extension abduction/adduction
74
Wrist joint
Ellipsoid
75
Plane joint
between scapula and clavical | gliding
76
Saddle
Thumb flexion/extension Abduction/adduction circumduction
77
What does a minim look like?
Circle not filled in with a stem
78
What does a semibreve look like?
Circle not filled in
79
What does a crotchet look like?
A filled in circle with a stem
80
What does a quaver look like
A filled in circle with a stem and tail
81
What does a semi quaver look like
A filled in circle with a stem and two tails
82
Axial skeleton
Skull Vertebrae Rib cage Sternum
83
Appendicular skeleton
Limbs Shoulder girdle Pelvic girdles

Classical Diploma (1 decks)

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