Theory Flashcards
What to do to stop computer eye strain?
‘Gaze’ breaks looking at distant objects
Adjust screen for contrast/brightness
Playing games excessively can lead to…?
Grades could slip
No Hobbies
Isolated
Mentally, playing games could lead to?
Aggression
Decreased Empathy
Emotional Control (as show in 10hrs/week shooting game study)
What does a set top box do?
Transforms digital telivision signals so they can be used by the TV
Allows pausing of tv, gives broadband connection
What is a FireWire Cable?
Firewire is most often used to connect digital camcorders, external hard drives, and other devices that can benefit from the high transfer rates (up to 480 Mbps) supported by the Firewire connection.
Dangers of a Sat Nav?
May cause blind spot
May cause distractions
How can a sat nav benefit other than navigation
Can check drivers speed
Can check driving conditions
How can a sat nav benefit disabled people? (2)
Shows disabled parking areas
Gives voice control
Adv. Of Phone vs. Sat Nav?
Generally lighter/smaller
More likely to have on person
why plug in ethernet cable?
Gives higher bandwidth bata transfer than wifi
How to improve WiFi security? (3)
Stop router broadcasting Service Set Identity
Set up MAC filtering and specify which devices can connect
Set up encryption/WPA
What is WPA
it encrypts messages sent over a wireless network so they cant be read if you dont have encryption key
What is a processor and what is internal memory?
A processor controls all functions of the device
Internal Memory is where processor information is stored
Three benefits of flash memory
Doesn’t lose data when turned off
No moving parts, not easily damaged
Transfer data between devices
Two input devices that might be used with a games console?
Microphone
Webcam
What is wifi?
A method of wireless communication using radio waves
communicates over longer distances than bluetooth
What is convergence?
When devices become more multi-functional such that they can do the job of several other devices
How to improve mobile phone security? (3)
Set a PIN/password
Record unique IMEI number - mobile phone provider can block phone using this
Lock SIM card
Three ways of responsible mobile phone use?
Dont use it while driving
Don’t cyberbully
Dont overuse - RSI
How would a GPS reciever be used in a camera? why is this useful?
Can store co-ordinates in the metadata of the picture, showing where it was taken
Can be attached to map or viewed for refrence
Advantages of personal camcorders (2)
Cheap, better spec than most smartphones
Three key features of media players?
Small, light
Solid state memory so playback isnt affected by movemt
Holds a large amount of media
Two types of ways to store audio on media player, 3 ways images, 2 ways video
MP3 and WMA
JPEG, Gif and PNG
MPEG-4 and WMV
Three security features of personal media player?
locks automatically
can set password
encrypts data
what is DRM
prevents copies being made of audio and video files and transfer to other devices owned (sometimes). Protects copyright holder
Two advantages and disadvantages of streaming video?
Saves time and uses less storage space
Cannot keep local copy for viewing offline and video quality dependent on connection quality
two advantages of computer over games console and two disadvantages
Can run other work related programs as well, can use computer screen provided
Likely computer is more expensive for same spec and harder to set up
four health risks of games consoles
Overuse injuries
Obesity
Muscle/joint problems
Eye strain
Two advantages of digital telivison
More channels
High quality pictures/sound
What are personal video recorders and what is DNLA
PVR contain a hard disk drive to record TV programs
If two devices are DNLA certified they are compatible - so you can access content from your camera on your PC for example
How are dedicated sat navs improving to counteract spartphones (3)
Larger screens
3D displays
lane assist with images of junctions
Disadvantages of smaprtphone over sat nav (3)
might be expensive app
subject to data charges
high battery strain
The use of computers in a workplace has had an impact on? (3)
Number of employees needed
Skills employees need
training/re-training requirements
One advantage and disadvantage of providing portable digital devices in a workplace
greater collaboration between workers
risk of hackers stealing data
three ways businesses online presence has improved
website bog viral marketing
what is profiling?
tracking information of customer transactions gathered using cookies
Three ways tech is used in education
Interned for research
Specialist software
online registration/admin systems
what is a router and how is it used with a modem?
The router connects all of the computers to the modem by provding them with an internal IP adress so it ‘knows’ where to send the data
Three benifits of a home network and what do you need for it to work
sharing internet onnection
sharing files
sharing peripherals printers etc.
You need an NIC card to connect computers unless wifi dongles are used
Three advantages and disadvantages of a cable internet connection
very fast, good security - hacker would need to physically connect computer to network, no interference
expenive, set up difficult as wires have to be run from router to rooms, mobility low as cant connect in room without socket
three advantages and disadvantages of wireless internet
only need router so set up easy, cheaper, mobility good
interference from walls etc., slower bandwidth, poor security unless password used
what is a powerline
a type of connection that uses existing power wiring as a framework to carry data
What are bandwidth and latency
bandwidth is the number of bits that can go through the network connection in 1s
Latency is the time in miliseconds between a bit leaving a device and ariving at another. lower is better
WiFi two advantages and disadvantages
good range, speeds up to 54mbs
hackers fake hotspots putting users details at risk, cannot use if not in range of access point
Mobile broadband two advantages and disadvantages
far greater coverage than WiFi, more secure than wifi as data is encrypted
have to pay for it including roaming charges, lower bandwidth
what is wifi direct
alllows devices to connect to wifi without need for wireless access point, allows users to set up peer-to-peer networks rather than communication via and transmitter
quicker and larger range than bluetooth
2 benifits of bluetooth
can connect a large amount of devices simultainously (8)
low power so doesnt interfere with other devices
What are protocols
rules devices must follow when they are communication with each other
What is VoIP?
VoIP is the set of rules for transmitting audio messages over the Internet - allowing free voice calls thorugh software such as skype
What is SMTP
A protocol used to send the email from the senders email client, to the senders email server
What is POP/POP3
The protocol used for the recipient to read or download the email and delete from the recipients email server
what is IMAP
the protocol used to hold the email on the server so that it is not deleted
What is HTTP
the protocol controlling the world wide web - the client uses this to ask the web server to send files needed to show the web page
whats the difference between HTTP and HTTPS? and how does HTTPS work?
the data is encrypted over HTTPS and it works by the browser checking the sites certificate, determining the encryption type and messages are sent between the broswer and web server using this encyption key
What is a firewall and why is it not enough?
A firewall permits or blocks connections between other compuers on the network. Some malware disables this
Three ways to prevent physical access to a computer
Using a lock function when not in use chains and locks to fix laptop to desk etc., RFID chips in labels attached to items to identify stolen and/or sound alarm
What is the internet
a huge network of computers that all use the same protocol to communicate and send data to each other. To connect to it you need an internet service provider and NIC card
6 things to consider when deciding on an ISP
Cost Bandwidth Download limits Email/Web space provided as extras Security Reliablility and support
Describe and advantage and disadvantage of communication over the internet in business (e.g VoIP)
aids collaboration, but possibility of overrealiance or misuse
Describe for ways learning can be utilised over the internet
VLE, News websites, WIKI’s, Email + other communication
Descibe an advantage/disdvantage of a VLE
students can access tasks etc. set by teachers, no access without internet connection
Describe an advantage/disadvantage of a news website
can use RSS feed for latest stories, possible overrealiance on websites as oppose to use of a number of sources
describe an advantage/disadvantage of WIKI’s
up to date information drawn from a collaberation of knowledge, information from others may be innacurate or biased
Name two examples of a challenge-response test
Captcha test, security question
what is overt data collection
when you know data is being collected about you
what is covert data collection and what is a trojan
when you dont know information is being collected, trojans record your key strokes and take financial infomation
What is a privacy policy
reputable firms have this in a prominent place on a website in line with the data protection act - tells you what information is gathered and how it is stored and used
How to control cookies
set browsers to accept or reject cookies
set browser to prompt each time a cookie is offered
How to prevent phishing
look out for emails with urgent tone, impersonal greeting, request for personal information
How to prevent spyware
Use a firewall to prevent remote download, use antipsyware software
Describe the data protection act (4)
companies holding data must keep it secure, not ask for more data than neccesary, not keep data longer than neccessary, keep data accurata, not use it without our consent
Four data protection rights?
Right to look at data held, company can charger for this. Demand incorrect info amended, demand data not used in distressing way, demand data is not used for direct marketing
What are the three levels of crime in the computer misuse act?
1) unauthorised access to computer material
2) unauthorised modification
3) Unauthorised access with intent to commit further crime
How could a copyright holder allow others to use their work?
Creative commons lisencses - certain uses such as in education
two reasons to bother with copyright
idea that they deserve to be paid for time it tool to make, if they cant make money they may not be able to afford to make more
three consequenses of illegal file sharing
procecution, ISP may stop you from using internet, prison
Three features of online shopping
24/7 availablility, facility to search and sort for goods, images provided of products, comparison to other products
Three advantages of online shopping
greater choice as not limited to one geographical area, dont have to leave house, user reviews
Three disadvantages of online shopping
need internet access/computer skills, can’t pay with cash, delivery charges, risk of fradulent websites
Describe the ipact of online shopping on businesses (3)
can be located anywhere so dont need rent, smaller staff, , greater range as products dont need to be physically displayed
describe the impact of online shopping on lifestyle (3)
Easier access for those with disabilities, reduced carbon footprint, more choice for people in remote areas
Three advantages of online actions
ability to search for goods, rating other users for trust, third party payment options more secure, low prices with large competition
two advantages of online news/RSS feeds
easy to search and sort up to date news information, news presented through extra engaging formats such as videos
two drawbacks of online news/RSS feeds
content presented as news may be unreliable/biased, those without computer access may miss stories
Describe how the actions of your character are streamed to others in online gaming
they are streamed from a central server to all players over the internet
advantages of a retailer selling online (3)
dont have to distibute goods to shops, inexpensive initial investment, can be from any location
3 disadvantages to a retailer of selling online
need a delivery service and facilities to handle returns, need skilled staff to run an efficent website, ensuring online payment securtiy is difficult
three reasons transactional data is of benifit to a business
it allows organisation to keep a record of purchases, allows delivery to be tracked, contains info on consumer shopping habits
what is transacational data
data taken when a consumer buys a product - stored in cookies - database can then be queried for marketing emails to be sent
three pieces of transactional data that are collected
details of items purchased, purchase price, time of purchase
three reasons to internet advertise
can be personalised, cheaper than tv adverts, reaches a wide range of customers
two draawbacks of inernet adverts
they can be blocked or ignored due to a large number of them
two reasons to viral marketing
cheap, spreads quickly
drawback of viral marketin
risk of it not being as entertaining as anticipated and not spreading, or damaging brand name
one advantage and two disadvantages of personlisation techniques
customers told about specific products they like. can invade privacy/be annoying, only told about limited product range
two ways to opt out of targeted marketing
delete cookies, opt out of sharing personal details when creating accounts
what are the four ways of paying online
credit/debit cars, online bank transer, online coupons/vouchers, third-party payment systems
what’s a CVV number and why is it used in refrence
number on the back of a credit card not included chip - so card must have been physically seen
what is an SSL
a secure sockets layer to encrypt data for transfer over the internet
two ways banks keep consumers safe from fraud
login protection e.g PIN, monitoring accounts for unusual activity
how to redeem evoucher?
create online account and enter unique reference code
two advantages of using a third party payment system on a website
don’t need to offer secure system (which is expensive), buyers not exposed to fraud
two advantages of NFC
good security w/ short transmission range, convinence of not having to enter payment details repeatedly
two disadvantages of NFC
can only pay for small amounts, need to protect against accidental payments
describe some consumer rights of buying online and how that compares to paying in a physical shop
item must be satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described. You get same rights online and in shop - as long as it is in a UK retailer
what is a cooling off period
A right to cancel online purchases for any reason up to 7 days after recieving the items. This does not apply to used, perishable or personalisable goods
two advantages of locally installed software
works offline, good security as you control access to the computed compared to if it was hosted online
two disadvantages of localy installed software
takes up large file space, data must be backed up
what is proprietary software
developed by a company, you have to pay to use it
what is open source software
develloped gradually by volunteers, free to use
what is SaaS and how have commercial software producers responded to it (3)
‘software as service’ applications that run in a web browser for free. Organisations have mode software more appealing with new features, provided better technical support and used copyright to stop products that are too similar entering the market
three ways to refine searches
add more key words, used advanced search facilities, search by date/language
two ways to check reliablilty of search results
compare with other websites, check the URLs for trusted organisation
what is social networking
a way of connecting with others onine using personal details
why would you have an account in an online community?
to develop online presence, posts can be linked to you, people can more easily discover your account
three featues of a VLE
marking tools for teachers, email/chat communiation, interactive polls and questionaires
one advantage of online workspace over email
easier version control of documents
three ways an online workspace can be used collaberatively
VoIP, chat communication, work on document simultaneously
two advantages of social networking over SMS
efficent way to contact a large number of people, not charged per message. SOCIAL NETWORKING IS NOT FREE, YOU HAVE TO PAY FOR INTERNET
three disadvantages of social networking
loss of privacy, risk of online bullying, GPS tagging risk to users safety
two advantages of a wiki
wikis can be quickly changed so the information is up to date, people can collaborate knowledge globally
two disadvantages of a wiki
info could be biased or innaccurate, internet connection needed
what is a social bookmarking site and two beineficial features
similar to wikis but link to individual web pages as oppose to being placed directly on the website, URLS of websites can be stored online so are not lost, and can be accessed by any internet connected device
Two ways Ict is changing the way knowledge is created
People can communicate collaborate and share on a global scale. Spreadsheets and databases model situations to solve problems
One advantage and two disadvantages of using Ict news development
Large amount of viewpoints give rounded picture, large amount can be overwhelming and what is published online can be unreliable
Three advantages of ICT in work
Telecommute and work from home. Cloud computing. Decisions can be made more effectively from online workspace
Three disadvantages of ICT in work
Pressure to work away from office. Workers without Internet may be left out of important decisions. Face to face contact avoided.
Two advantages of collaborative working
More work done in less time. Share ideas
Two disadvantages of collaborative working
Can’t read body language. Work can be lost if users overwrite others
two advantages of teleworking
saves money as no transport needed, flexible which increases worker motivation
two disadvantages of teleworking
social isolation, distractions at home, dependent on internet connection
two ways ICT has had a positive impact on socialising
easy for people to keep in contact, easy translation between languages
two ways ICT has had a negative impact on socialising
Less time with real friends, people can pretend to be someone else
what is an acceptable use policy or code of conduct
a set of online rules - breaking the rules will result in account being withdrawn and you must agree to them before signing up for the website
two reasons to have an acceptable use policy
to protect users from abuse, to protect users from inappropriate content
How to countries prevent users from other countries accessing the content
using IP address filtering
three reasons countries sensor or control access to online information
politics, security (from potential terrorism), protection (from harmful content)
with the new threat of hacking, what is it important to do (without directly protecting yourself)
encrypt data, make sure latest updates installed, Backup data
Describe the four pieces of legislation surrounding ICT and breif outline of what they say
Data protection act - protects against misuse of personal data held by organisations. Computer misuse act - protects against unlawful ‘hacking’ and access to files. Copyrights, designs and patents act - cant copy or disribute media without copyright holders permission. Digital economy act requires ISP’s to collec data regarding repeat offenders. Internet access can be slower or suspended
Causes of unequal access to ICT WITHIN countries (3)
affordability, disability, people living in remote areas
causes of unequal access to ICT worldwide (3)
Affordibility, Censorship in governments, limited access to electricity
Two economic implications of the digital divide
good IT skills = better jobs, Lead to rise in e-commerce and globalisation
Two education implications of the digital divide
students with access to online courses can develop knowledge, students need technology for VLE’s etc
two social implications of the digital divide
people with internet access can keep in touch with others more effectively. Children with access to technology may play on games instead of going outside
two cultural implications of the digital divide
cultures may resrict access to ICT, may be gender stereoypes within that - so less ICT access to women
Three sustainability issues of ICT
E-waste (goes to landfill w/ toxic chemicals or less developed countries), Pollution (Toxic substances into water etc, all devices use electricity which contributes to global warming), Finite resources used to make ICT products
Three ways to increase ICT sustainability
Recycle or reuse devices (donate to charity, companies sell devices to employees or sell parts), Reduce impact by switching off devices to use less polluting electricity, use renewable energy to power devices
