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Mechanical > Theory 3 --> Aux Systems > Flashcards

Theory 3 --> Aux Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What pressure does the HPSW supplies all areas throughout the ship with?

A

7 bar

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2
Q

How is the pressure of the HPSW system maintained?

A

Electric driven pumps low down in the ship

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3
Q

What does the HPSW system supply?

A
  • firefighting
  • Prewetting system
  • Fitted bilge and salvage eductors
  • Emergency cooling to main propulsion gas turbines/ diesel generators
  • Auxiliary machinery cooling water system
  • Making of fresh water
  • Flushing heads
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4
Q

Describe the ringmain.

A

A ring of pipework running around 2 deck that can be subdivided by the use of isolation valves.

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5
Q

Usually how many salt water pumps are running at anyone time?

A

Minimum of one pump
one pump can supply the whole ship

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6
Q

How many pumps are running in special operations, such as flying operations?

A

More than 1

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7
Q

What is the route of the salt water from the sea to the ringmain?

A
  • Suction from sea
  • Strainer, remove large coarse particles
  • Riser
  • Ring-main
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8
Q

What is the leak off of the relief valves and why are they there?

A

10%
Prevent over pressurisation

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9
Q

Where can the pumps be operated from?

A

Remote (SCC) or locally

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10
Q

Where are the fixed firefighting pieces of equipment?

A

Magazines
Paint lockers
Inflam stores
Funnels

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11
Q

What is the configuration of HPSW system in DC state 1?

A
  • All pumps running
  • The DC state 1 valves are shut
  • HPSWM is divided into zones
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12
Q

What is the configuration of HPSW system in DC state 3?

A
  • One pump is running
  • Other pumps on standby, can be started if pressure drops
  • All valves are open
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13
Q

What temperature do white metal bearings melt at?

A

115 degrees Celsius

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14
Q

What can happen if the machinery is not adequately cooled?

A
  • Seizing
  • Wiping of bearings
  • Failures
  • Catching fire
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15
Q

What is cooled in the main propulsion circulation system?

A
  • Gas turbine
  • Plummer block emergency cooling
  • Main forced lub oil system
  • Controllable pitch propeller cooling
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16
Q

In an emergency what is used in the main propulsion circulation system and whose permission is needed?

A

Salt water from HPSWM
MEO permission needed

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17
Q

What machinery is cooled by the auxiliary machinery cooling system?

A
  • Diesel generator
  • Air conditioning plant
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18
Q

What happens if the fresh water pump fails?

A

The system can be X-connected to the HPSWM
MEO permission is required

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19
Q

What does IMO stand for?

A

International Maritime Organisation

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20
Q

When is discharge of oil not prohibited?

A
  • The ship is underway
  • Oil content in the effluent without dilution doesn’t exceed 15 ppm
  • The ship has in operation an oily water separating filter with an oil discharge monitoring and control system. ( alarm with automatic stopping device)
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21
Q

What are the defined special areas?

A
  • Baltic sea
  • North west European water
  • Mediterranean sea
  • Black sea
  • Gulf
  • Gulf of Aden
  • Caribbean
  • Omen area of the Arabian sea
  • Southern African water
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22
Q

What is included in the North West European Water?

A
  • North Sea
  • Irish Sea
  • Celtic Sea
  • English Channel
  • Part of the Northern East Atlantic
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23
Q

What are the common sources of oily water contamination?

A
  • Bilges
  • Fuel System
  • Oil System
  • CPP Systems
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24
Q

How to ensure the least amount of oil entering the bilge?

A
  • Keep machinery spotless
  • Monitor lub oil ready use tanks
  • No surfactants to be used
  • AFF only used in real risk situations
  • Eductors to be manned when in operation.
  • Maximise the use of shoreside facilities
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25
Q

Who is to be informed of any MARPOL incident?

A

OOD or OOW

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26
Q

What is the definition of Black Water?

A

The drainage from WC’s, urinals, WC scuppers, medical compartments and any water mixed with the waste.

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27
Q

When are you allowed to discharge black water?

A

**Within 4NM **off the coast when an IMO approved treatment plant is in operation
Between 4 &12 NM from the coast when an IMO approved system to comminute and disinfect the sewage is in operation
Over 12NM, no treatment is necessary

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28
Q

What is grey water defined as?

A

The outings from the bathrooms, galley, dishwashers, laundries and sinks.

29
Q

When can grey water not be discharged?

A

When along side

30
Q

What is the vacuum pumping system used for?

A

To transfer both black and grey water to a barge, dockside tanker or a shore side reception facility

31
Q

What does the VPS comprise of?

A
  • Diesel or electric driven pumps
  • Manifolds
  • Hoses
32
Q

What are Eductors used for?

A

To removelarge quantities of fluid, generally, oil/fuel/water from the bilges very quickly

33
Q

What does the bilge system do?

A

Removes excess fluid from machinary space bilges to seperate water/ oil and discharge oil to sullage tanks by means of an oily water seperator with water discharging overboard.

34
Q

What is the sullage system designed to do?

A

Retain dirtyor waste oil/fuel until it can be properly discharged ashore.

35
Q

What theory do eductors use to extract the fluids out of the bilge?

A
  • bernoulis therom- as the speed of the fluid increases the pressure decreases causing a depression.
  • venturi effect, partial vacuum is created.
36
Q

What provides the motive force for the eductor?

A

HPSW

37
Q

What is the correct way to operate an eductor?

A
  • Open the discharge overboard valve
  • Open the motive water supply from the HPSW
  • Open te bilge suction valve
38
Q

When may an eductor be operated?

A

When have the MEOs permission

39
Q

What 2 ways can the bilge system be used?

A
  1. Can suck the fluids from the bilge separating them with the use of the oily water seperator. Oil going to the holding tanks and water discharged over board
  2. Alternatively the oily water seperator can take its suction from the holding tank, water discharged overboard and oil goes back to holding tank.
40
Q

Under whose control can the contents of the tank be transferred?

A

CMEM,MEO

41
Q

Hazards of oil and fuel building up in the bildges?

A
  • Creates a fire hazard
  • Hydrogen Sulphide may be present–> which can be fatal if inhaled.
42
Q

Possible health hazard when come ito contact with raw sewage?

A
  • Typhoid
  • Heptitis
  • Gastro-enteritis
43
Q

What are the advantages of using a sewage treatement plant?

A
  • Reduce the number of ship side openings
  • To simplify pipe runs
  • Heads and bathrooms can be lower in the ship
  • Heads and bathroms can be used in dry dock
  • Ships can operate in anti-polluton areas
  • Easier to close down in CBRN conditions
44
Q

What are the two basic types of sewage plant?

A
  • Biological
  • Collect, hold and transfer
45
Q

How does the biological system work?

A

Sewage is broken down by micro-organisms
Raw sewage is collected in the black water tank, pumped by the the macerator, to form a slurry, into the aeration tank.
Slurry as its much easier and quicker to break down in this form.

46
Q

What is the action of digesting sewage known as?

A

Aerobic Digestion

47
Q

What happens if the air supplies falls in biological sewage systems?

A

Micro-organisms die and Hydrogen sulphide is given off, anaerobic digestion.

48
Q

How does the biological sewage treatement plant operate?

A
  • Raw sewage is taken from the black water collection tank by a macerator which turns it into a slurry.
  • Enters the aeration compartment via a coarse screen which removes large forign matter.
  • Sewage is broken down in aeration compartment by micro-organisms.
  • Air supplied by a dedicated air compressor, passes though aeration diffusers in the bottom of the aeration compartment
  • The air bubbles through the sewage giving air to micro-organisms.
  • Liquid rising to the top is trasfered to the settlement hopper via an airlift.
  • Undigested waste sinks to the bottom of thehopper where it is transfered back to aeration compartment via a second air lift, sludge return line.
  • Liquid on to of hopper weirs over into chlorine contact tank where it is sterilised.
  • It is mixed with grey water to dilute the trated black water and sterilises the grey water.
  • Contents of collection tank is discharged over board.
49
Q

How does the collect, hold and transfer plant operate?

A
  • Pumps draw a vacuum into the collection tank
  • Tank is connected to WC by pipework also under vacuum
  • Capacity of collection tank is 1 day
  • Operation of the flush button means the contents of the WCs is drawn into the collection tank
  • Level switch transfers the sewage to either of the larger holding tanks
  • Holding tanks hold upto 12 days
  • Or it can be discharged to the sea if outside the 12NM IMO limit
  • Or discharged to a shore reception facility
  • In order to stop anaerobic digestion it is circulated by the recirculation pumps between tanks through an ejector which aerates it slightly
50
Q

What is used to measure gas levels in the bilge and give some example?

A

H2S monitor
Examples –> Leader and Sega

51
Q

Hazards concerned with operating and maintaining a sewage treatement plant?

A
  • Dangerous chemicals
  • Raw sewage
  • Dangerous gases
52
Q

What are the concentrations of H2S in PPM and the effects these have?

A

150-400ppm–> injurious, loss of smell, dizziness,difficult respiration,irritations of the eyes throat and lungs. Need prompt action to flush air if respiratory paralysis is to be avoided
1000ppm –> Immediate unconsciousness, death in seconds

53
Q

Why is methane hazardous?

A

Flammable and risk of explosion

54
Q

Why is chlorine hazardous?

A

If inhaled will burn lungs and can be fatal

55
Q

What medical protection does everyone working in the plant need?

A

All personnel are to be inoculated

56
Q

What is the minimum PPE is to be worn, when working on sewage plants?

A
  • Gloves
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Overalls
57
Q

What are the advantages of using HP compressed air?

A
  • Air can be easily distributed throughoout the ship
  • Air can be easily stored
  • flexibility and reliability of use
  • Low risk of fire
58
Q

What are the advantages of using HP compressed air?

A
  • Air can be easily distributed throughoout the ship
  • Air can be easily stored
  • Flexibility and reliability of use
  • Low risk of fire
59
Q

What pressure does HP air operate at?

A

276 bar

60
Q

What two areas can high pressure air be divided into?

A
  • IMS (inside machinery space)
  • OMS (outside machinery space)
61
Q

For which items is HP air reduced in pressure to specific requirements?

A
  • Diesel generator starting
  • Gas turbine starting
  • Ship siren operation
  • Breathing apparatus charging
  • Wepons systems operation
  • Hydrolic system accumulator charging
  • Air driven machinary operation
  • Cross-connection to low pressure air system
62
Q

List the 4 stages of the HPAC pressure levels

A
  • Stage 1 –> 4 bar
  • Stage 2 –> 17.5 bar
  • Stage 3 –> 68 bar
  • Stage 4 –> 276 bar
63
Q

When does the relief valve relive the pressure?

A

10% above operating pressures

64
Q

What pressure do water safety jackets operate at?

A

3.5 bar

65
Q

What pressure do water safety jackets operate at?

A

3.5 bar

66
Q

What pressure is LP air produced up to?

A

8 bar

67
Q

What is LP air used for?

A
  • Pneumatic tools
  • Radar wave guides
  • Emergancy stern seal inflation
  • Pneumatic surveillance panels
68
Q

What is the PPE for working on air systems?

A
  • Ear defenders
  • Goggles

Mechanical (2 decks)

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