Theory Flashcards
According to Minuchin, the therapist’s methods for creating a therapeutic system with a family and of positioning himself/herself as its leader are known as:
joining
A therapist working with a couple gives the following instructions:
Get ready for bed; then I want you [the wife] to lie on your belly; then you [the husband] caress her back as gently and sensitively as you can; move your hands very slowly; do no more. In the meantime, I want you [the wife] to be “selfish” and just concentrate.
The therapist is here using a technique developed by Masters and Johnson and known as:
sensate focus
A family is referred for therapy to a family therapist in private practice. The son, age 17, has recently been discharged from a psychiatric hospital but has remained in individual therapy with a psychiatrist. He has a history of alcoholism and since his discharge has two charges pending against him for driving while intoxicated. The parents convey to the family therapist their concern that the psychiatrist is unaware of their son’s recent alcohol abuse or of the pending charges. In this situation, the most appropriate initial approach for the family therapist would be to:
encourage the son to talk to his therapist and ask the family members to sign a release of information form to facilitate coordination of treatment
may involve hidden payoffs for the resistant family
system maintenance
In the use of videotape in working with families, the most essential condition is that:
all those to be taped agree to its use
FamilySystemsTheoryviewsthefamilyaswhattypeofunit.
a. physiological
b. psychological
c. emotional
d. anatomical
C:“emotional:”Dr.MurrayBowen,apsychiatrist,istheoriginatoroftheFamilySystemsTheory.Thebasicideaofthetheoryassertsthatfamiliesareconnectedstronglyinanemotionalmanner.Evenwhenpeoplemayfeelemotionallydistantfromthefamilyunit,oftenthisfeelingofdistanceisaperceptionratherthanareality,asanemotionalinterdependenceexistswithinthefamilyunit.
FamilySystemsTheoryconsistsofwhat eightinterlockingconcepts?
- Triangles
- Differentiation of Self
- Nuclear Family Emotional System
- Family Projection Process
- Multigenerational Transmission Process
- Emotional Cutoff
- Sibling Position
- Societal Emotional Process
Ifoneunitofthefamilyisabletochangehis/herindividualdysfunctionalbehavior,thenotherfamilyunitmembersalsocanchangeproductively.Towhichofthefollowingchoicesdoesthisstatementmostcloselyrelate?
a. maritaldiscordtheory
b. Ericksonianfamilytheory
c. Freudianpsychoanalytictheory
d. systemiccoaching
D:“systemiccoaching:”Systemiccoachinganalyzesrelationshipswiththeeventualpurposeofalteringdysfunctionalbehavior.Thissystemicapproachviewshumansas“systems”ratherthanseparateindividuals(separatefromtheenvironmentinwhichtheyreside).Systemiccoachingseekstoassistthepatientinsettinggoalsandconsistentlymovingtowardthosegoals.
Whattypeofapproachisalsoknownas“realitytherapy”?
a. Humanistictherapy
b. Cognitive-Behavioral
c. Behavioral
d. Somatictherapy
B:“cognitive-behavioral:”Realitytherapyisacognitive-behavioralapproach(developedbyWilliamGlasser).Thistypeoftherapyfocusesonwhatishappeninginthepatient’scurrentlifeandalsolookstothepatient’sfuture.Unlikemanytypesoftherapythatlookfortherootcauseoftheproblem,RealityTherapyemploysaproblem-solvingapproachinordertoaddressthecurrentchoicesofbehaviorandhowthosechoicescanaffectfutureoutcomesinthepatient’slife.
InPsychoeducation,familymembersare:
a. includedwiththepatientinthetraining.
b. discouragedfromtakingpart.
c. neverpresent.
d. partoftheteachingteam.
A:“includedwiththepatientinthetraining:”ThedevelopmentofPsychoeducationgenerallyisattributedtoC.M.Andersonandhisworkinthetreatmentofschizophrenia.ThebasicideaofPsychoeducationiseducatingthepatientandfamilysotheparticularsoftheconditionaremadeclearer,andthereforemoreeasilymanaged.
Whichofthefollowingismostwidelyknownforbeingafamilytherapypioneer?
a. JayHaley
b. CarlRogers
c. SigmundFreud
d. JeanPiaget
A:“JayHaley:”JayHaleyisoneofthemostwidelyknownprofessionalsinthefieldoffamilytherapy.Hewasnotonlyapioneerinfamilytherapy,buthewasalsoastrongadvocateoffamilytherapyinbothlayandprofessionalsettings.Hisbooksonstrategicfamilytherapystresstherolesofpowerandhierarchyinthefamilystructure.
StrategicFamilyTherapyoftenisreferredtoas:
a. anteractivetherapy.
b. relationshiptherapy.
c. brieftherapy.
d. psychotherapy.
C:“brieftherapy:”Strategictherapiesfocusonneededchangesratherthanlengthoftimeofinvolvementintherapy.Oftenthesekindsoftherapiesconsistofapproximatelytentherapysessions.Assuch,thiskindoftherapyemploysaverygoal-
directedapproach,evaluateswhatalreadyhasbeentried,andincorporatesnewstrategiestoaffectchangeinatime-efficientmanner.
Towhichofthefollowingdoestheterm“family-of-origin”workrefer?
a. Examininggenealogicallinkstoancestry
b. examiningand/orchangingpatternsofinteractionthatformedinanindividual’sfamilyupbringing c. somethingthatonlyappliestothetherapist
d. somethingthatonlyappliestopatients
B:“examiningand/orchangingpatternsofinteractionthatformedinanindividual’sfamilyupbringing:”Family-of-originworkappliesbothtothetherapistandtothetherapist’sworkwithpatients.Thetherapistmustresolvehis/herownlearnedpatternsofinteractioninordertoworkeffectivelyinthetherapysettingwithpatientswiththeirownfamily-of-originissues.
Strategicfamilytherapysometimesiscalled
a. goal-activatedtherapy.
b. psychotherapy.
c. problemsolvingtherapy.
d. theMilanModel.
C:“problemsolvingtherapy:”Accordingly,Strategicfamilytherapyfocusesonworkingwiththefamilymemberstodefinetheproblem,aidingthefamilyinunderstandingtheproblem,andthenworkingwiththefamilymemberstosolvetheproblem.DuetoStrategicfamilytherapy’sstrongproblemsolvingapproach,oftenthetherapyisnamedaccordingtoitsprevailingcharacteristic.
WhichofthefollowingisamajorstrengthofBowenfamilytheory?
a. itsattentionuponpastfamilyinteractionasameansbywhichtoavoidfutureproblems
b. alonghistoryofstatisticaldatatobackupitstheory
c. itsfocusonthe“quickfix”
d. thefocusonpresentissuesratherthanlookingtothepastforanswers
A:“itsattentionuponpastfamilyinteractionasameansbywhichtoavoidfutureproblems:”Helpingthepatientinidentifyingandunderstandingthereasonsforpastfamilybehavioroffersanaidindealingwithpresentandfutureproblemsandisatime-efficientapproach,aswell.
Systemicfamilytherapyofteniscalled
a. theMilanModel.
b. Ericksoniantherapy.
c. traditionalpsychotherapy.
d. rational-emotivetherapy.
A:“theMilanModel:”SystemicfamilytherapyofteniscalledtheMilanmodelbecauseitwasdevelopedinMilan,ItalybyMaraSalviniPalazzoliandseveralothers.Thistherapeuticapproachdoesnotconcernitselfwithpastcausesordiagnosis;rather,itfocusesonhelpingdevelopnewpatternstoreplaceproblematicones.
Bowenfamilytherapyusesgenogramsas
a. awaytolengthenthetherapeuticprocess.
b. ameansbywhichtosetstandardsfortherapy
c. amethodtodeterminegeneticheredity.
d. avisualrepresentationofafamily.
D:“avisualrepresentationofafamily:”Usinggeometricfigures,thegenogramshowsapatient’sfamilytree.Thisvisualdetailingoftencoversoverthreegenerationsandisatimesavingapproachthathelpsbothpatientandtherapistreviewpatternsandotherusefulinformation.
InBowentheory,trianglesonewayto
a. minimizemalingering.
b. understandfamilyrelationships.
c. specificallyaddresshostiletherapypatients.
d. dealwithspecificchildhoodissues.
B:“understandfamilyrelationships:”A“triangle”existsbetweentwopeopleandanoutsider,anditisconsideredanemotionalbuildingblockandthesmalleststablerelationshipsystem.Anxietyexistswithinthetriangle,withonepersonsometimesfeelingliketheodd-person-outandseekingchange.Trianglescanbeeitherhealthyorunhealthy.
Regardingsiblingpositionsasrelatingtomarriage,ayoungestsonwoulddobestto
a. marryaneldestdaughter.
b. nevermarry.
c. marryayoungestdaughter.
d. marryamiddledaughter.
A:“marryaneldestdaughter:”Boweniantherapistsbelievethatpersonalitycharacteristicscandevelopbecauseoftheorderinwhichanindividualisbornintoafamily.Inthiscase,forexample,ayoungestsonmaybeaccustomedtobeingdoteduponandcaredfor.Bycontrast,theeldestdaughterisaccustomedtotakingcareofothers.Therefore,theyoungestsonandeldestdaughtermaycomplimenteachother’sneedswell.
InBowenianfamilytherapy,whatdoesdetriangulationallowapatienttodo?
a. itallowsapatientleavetherapyearly
b. itallowsapatienttoremainemotionallypresent,ratherthanrelyingonintellect. c. itallowsthepatienttobeincontactwhileremainingemotionallyseparate
d. allowsthepatienttooverlookintellectualconfusionuntilalaterpointintherapy
C:“itallowsthepatienttobeincontactwhileremainingemotionallyseparate:”Indetriangulation,patientslearntocommunicatebyrespondingratherthanbyreactingonanemotionallevel.
Towhichofthefollowingdoesthephrase“differentiationofself”refer?
a. atypeofself-helpstrategy
b. awaytohelpchildrenovercomeparentseparationissues
c. apsychotictherapeuticgoal
d. theabilitytoseparatethoughtsandfeelings
D:“theabilitytoseparatethoughtsandfeelings:”Differentiationofselfistheabilitytothinklogicallywithoutone’sfeelingsbeingengaged.Inthefamilytherapysetting
,thisabilityalsoprovesusefulinhelpingthepatientthinkaboutthingsapartfromtheinfluenceofthefamilystructure.
Askingthefamilytodevelopafamilycrestorfinishsentencessuchas“beingcloseinthisfamilyis”arewaystogaininsightinto
a. familygenograms.
b. familymyths.
c. Somatictherapy.
d. theMilanModel.
B:“familymyths:”Familymythsareessentiallytheideologyofthefamily.Theyarethecommonwaysofinteractingwithinaparticularfamilyunit,uponwhichthefamilymembersagree.Whiletheytendtobedistortionsofreality,theygenerallyareunderstoodwithinthefamilyunit.Rolesareoftenassignedtomembersofthefamilybasedonthesemyths.
Theabandonmentofafamilyritualisoftenrelatedto
a. thelossofabelovedpet.
b. familymembersmovingawayfromhome.
c. theonsetofdysfunctionwithinthefamilystructure.
d. anewmemberenteringthefamily.
C:“theonsetofdysfunctionwithinthefamilystructure:”Afamilyidentityisoftenlackingwhenthefamilymemberscannotdescribefamilyritualsthattheypractice.Likewise,whenapatientmakesstatementssuchas,“weusedtoalwayshaveabirthdaydinner,butdon’tanymore,”oneoftencannotetheonsetofdysfunctionpriortotheabandonmentofthatfamilyritual.
Infamilytherapy,whichofthefollowingstatementsisdescribedbestbytheterm“disengagement”?
a. theemotional“disconnect”betweenadultandchild
b. anelevatedlevelofintimacybetweenfamilymembers
c. theendingofanengagementtomarry
d. thetraitsofafamily
D:“thetraitsofafamily:”Theterm“disengagement”oftendescribesthetraitsofafamilyorthecurrenttypeoffamilyinteractionorfunctioning.Disengagedfamilieslackintimacybetweenthemembers.Familymembersmayfeelisolated,havelimitedunderstandingofeachother,andhavelimitedcommoninterestsorinteraction.
Aten year-olddirectshisyoungersiblingsintheirhouseholddutiesandhelpsthemwithhomework.
Whichofthefollowingtermsdescribethesetypesofactions?
a. inappropriatedirectiveness
b. excessiveresponsibility
c. parentification
d. parental-childdiscord
C:“parentification:”Parentificationisaconceptusedintheassessmentofthefamily.Itreferstoanon-parentindividualtakingontheparentrole.Thisroleconfusioncanbeproblematicforboththeindividualtakingontherole(astheymaynotbeequippedtodoso),andfortheindividualsbeingparented(asthe“parent”maynotbeabletomeettheneedsofthosepersonsbeingparented).
21.Sexualproblemsbetweenparentsinthefamilystructureareoften
a. viewedasdysfunctionalrelationshipissuesandreferredelsewhere. b. addressedfirst,priortoanyfamilytherapybeinginitiated.
c. dismissedasunimportant.
d. includedinthefamilytherapyprocessasawhole.
A:“viewedasdysfunctionalrelationshipissuesandreferredelsewhere:”Sexualissuesareoftenviewedintermsofrelationshipissues,andnotaddressedasasignificantpartofthefamilytherapyprocess.However,variousassessmentmethodscanclarifythesexualdysfunction(suchasasexualgenogramandvariousquestionnaires).
WhichofthefollowingissuesdoestheMcAndrewScaleassess?
a. psychoticsymptoms
b. paranoidtendencies
c. alcoholabuse
d. antisocialtraits
C:“alcoholabuse:”TheMcAndrewAlcoholismScalewasdevelopedin1965fromtheMMPI(MinnesotaMultiphasicPersonalityInventory).Thisassessmentisaforty-nineitemobjectivetestusedasameasureofsubstanceabuse(specificallyalcohol).
Ifafamilymemberaccusesoneofyourpatientsashavinganalcoholproblem,whichofthefollowingtestswouldyoumostlikelyusetogainfurtherinsightintothesituation?
a. Rorschach
b. WISC-R
c. WPPSI
d. MAST
D:“MAST:”Developedin1971,theMichiganAlcoholismScreeningTest(MAST)consistsoftwenty-twoquestionsthataidtheclinicianindeterminingtheintensityofadrugproblem.Thisassessmentisconsideredoneofthemostaccuratescreeningtestsavailable.
TheFILEscreeningtestmostcloselyrelatestowhichofthefollowing?
a. stress
b. childdisciplinaryproblems
c. maritaldiscord
d. substanceabuse
A:“stress:”FILE(FamilyInventoryofLifeEvents),isaquick-to-usemeasureoffamilystress.Thetestisaseventy-oneitemscreeningtoolthatrevealsthenumberofstressinglifeeventsthathaveoccurredinthefamily,andthisassessmentcanbecompletedbymorethanonefamilymember.Finally,itcanalsobeusedwithinanyfamilystructure.
TheBeaversscalesI&II,primarilygiveanoverallindicationof
a. interactionstyleandfamilycompetence.
b. substanceabuseissuesanddependency.
c. neurologicaldeficits.
d. parent-childconflictandsibling-siblingconflict.
A:“interactionstyleandfamilycompetence:”TheBeaversSystemsModelofFamilyFunctioningisanoften-
usedmethodofassessment.Stylecanrangefromcentripetaltocentrifugal.Competencecanrangefromoptimaltodysfunctional.Inaddition,aself-reportinventory(SFI)measuresindividualfamilymembers’perceptionsoftheoverallleveloffamilyfunctioning.
WhichofthefollowingsometimesisconsideredadownsideoftheMaritalSatisfactionInventory(MSI-R)?
a. easeofadministration
b. reliability
c. validity
d. theamountoftimeneededforadministration
D:“theamountoftimeneededforadministration:”DevelopedbyDouglasSnyder,theMaritalSatisfactionInventory(MSI-R)isconsideredareliableandvalidindicatorofacouple’soverallmaritalsituation.Itconsistsof150true-falsequestions(foreachpartner)andrevealsbothstrengthsandareasinneedofchange.Theassessmenttendstotakeatleastthirtyminutestocomplete,sometimesconsideredadownsideoftheinventory.
Whenyouaskyourpatient,“ifyourbrotherwon’tpickuphistoys,whatwillyourmotherdo?”Whattherapeutictechniqueareyouusing?
a. interrogativequestioning
b. circularquestioning
c. intuitivereasoning
d. free-association
B:“circularquestioning:”Circularquestioningisanon-threateningtherapeutictechniqueespeciallyusefulforclientswhomayhavedifficultyexpressionthemselves.Thistypeofquestioningisusefulingaininginsightintotheperspectiveoftheindividualbeingaskedthequestionsandalsoactsasapromptforthepersonwhoisbeingspokenabout.
Whatmustatherapistpresenttothepatientbeforeaneffectiveteachingmomentcanoccur?
a. feedbackonthedesiredskill
b. ademonstrationofthedesiredskill
c. therationaleforlearningtheskill
d. statisticaldata
C:“therationaleforlearningtheskill:”Thefirststepinasystematictrainingprocedureistoprovidearationaleforthedesiredskill.Thepatientneedstounderstandhowtheskillwillbeofbenefittohimorher.Followingprovidingtherationale,thetherapistcanfacilitateskillsdemonstrationandpractice,andthenprovideappropriatefeedback.
Reflectivelisteningisausefultoolinmaritalcounseling.WhatarethefourmaincomponentsofthisRogeriantechnique?
a. empathy,congruence,analysis,concreteness
b. empathy,congruence,acceptance,concreteness
c. empathy,congruence,definition,evaluation
d. empathy,congruence,differentiation,variability
B:“empathy,congruence,acceptance,concreteness:”Empathyreflectsthetherapist’sdesireto“getinside”thespeaker’sthoughts,andcongruencerelatestothetherapist’sopenness.Acceptanceimpliesrespectforthespeaker,andconcretenessindicatestheneedtokeepthingsspecificratherthanvagueandunfocused.Allfourcomponentsarenecessaryforsuccessfulreflectivelisting.
Acommondifficultywhenteachingself-disclosureis.
a. limitedtimetoteachtheneededskills.
b. theneedtoplacelimitsonwhatcanbedisclosed.
c. individualmonetaryconsiderations.
d. thatthepatientmaynotunderstandthedifferencebetweenthoughtsandfeelings.
D:“thatthepatientmaynotunderstandthedifferencebetweenthoughtsandfeelings:”Teachingapatienteffectiveself-disclosureincludesanunderstandingofthedifferencebetweenthoughtsandfeelings.Urgingpatientstotalkabouthowtheycontributetotherelationshipandaboutthemselvesingeneralmayalsonaturallyleadtodisclosuresaboutfeelings.
“Time-out”is
a. achildmanagementtechnique.
b. abriefrespitefromtheprimaryrelationship.
c. ameansbywhichtoendsituationalmaritaldiscord.
d. awaytodenoteatemporarybreakfromtherapy.
A:“achildmanagementtechnique:”Time-outisatechniquetaughttoparentstohelpwithdisciplineissues.Itisoftenusedasasubstituteforcorporalpunishment,anditisgenerallyeasyforparentstouse.Quitesimply,time-outinvolvesmovingthechildawayfromthehigh-stimulationsituationforasetperiodoftime.
Iftherapysessionsarepassingwithlittlechangeandlethargyseemstohavesetin,thetherapistmaychooseto
a. refundaportionofthepatient’smoney.
b. promoteacrisis.
c. seektoendtherapyearly.
d. schedulemoreandlongersessions.
B:“promoteacrisis:”Whenlethargyhassetin,andlittleornochangeisapparent,thenitmaybeprudentforthetherapisttoinduceacrisisintothetherapysession.
Whichofthefollowingchoicesisthepurposeofreframingsymptoms?
a. toeliminatethemfromthetherapyprocess
b. tochangethetherapist’sperspectiveoftheproblem
c. tochangeapatient’sperspectiveoftheproblem
d. tomaintaintherapeuticcontinuity
C:“tochangeapatient’sperspectiveoftheproblem:”Reframingproblemsandperspectivescanleadtonewpossiblesolutions.Avarietyofwaysexiststoreframeasymptom.Oneexamplemightbetocastapositivelightonapreviouslynegativelyviewedbehavior.Viewingthenegativeaspotentiallypositivecanopenthepatientuptonewdiscussionandpossiblesolutions.
Externalizingtheproblemofanalcoholaddictionmeans
a. placingthefocusonthepatient’sbehavior.
b. focusingontheaddiction.
c. keepingthefocusonthefamily’sreactiontotheaddiction. d. discussingonlythenegativeeffectsofthedrinking.
B:“focusingontheaddiction:”Familiesoftenwillvilifythealcoholicinthefamily,causingmoreshameandlesslikelihoodofthepatientrespondingtohelpfulefforts.Externalizingtheproblemtoafocusonthe“addiction”canaidineveryoneattackingtheproblemratherthanattackingtheindividual.
Whenchildrenareadisruptioninafamilysession,whichofthefollowingactionslikelywouldallowthetherapistthemosttherapeuticinformation?
a. immediatelyterminatethesession
b. thetherapistinterveneswiththechildren
c. donothinginitiallyandletthesituationplayout
d. asktheparentstointervene
C:“donothinginitially,andletthesituationplayout:”Whenchildrenaredisruptiveduringafamilysession,therapistscanmanagethesituationinseveralways.Commonlyusedoptionsincludeallowingthesituationtoplayout(givingthetherapisttheopportunitytoobservetheparentingstyle),requestingthattheparentsintervene,orforthetherapisttointervene(modelingappropriateintervention).
Whenpatientsdon’tcompleteorinaccuratelycompleteout of sessionworkassignedbythetherapist,this situation is usually.
a. thetherapist’sfault.
b. becausethepatient’sdon’tliketheassignment.
c. duetolosingtheassignment.
d. becauseofpsychologicalpathology.
A:“thetherapist’sfault:”Whenpatientsdonotcompleteassignments,itisoftenthetherapist’sfault.Commonreasonsforthisfailuretocompleteincludeassignmentsthatareunreasonableinlightofthepatient’scapabilities.Sometimestherapistshavenotexplainedassignmentsproperly,ortheassignmentsrequiremoretimetocompletethanthepatienthasavailable.Therapistsshouldconsiderthesefactorsandotherfactorsbeforeassigningout-of-sessionworkinordertomanagesuchworkinasuccessfulmanner.
Afamilyyouaretreatingmustrelocatetoanotherstate.Whatactionareyoulikelytotake?
a. escalatethetreatmentmodalityinordertoachievegoalsmorequickly
b. terminatetreatment
c. referthefamilytoatherapistintheirstate
d. noactionneedstobetaken
C:“referthefamilytoatherapistintheirstate:”Whenafamilyinformsthetherapistoftheirimpendingrelocation,itiscommontomakeareferraltoanothertherapist.A“releaseofinformation”alsoshouldbeobtainedatthistimesothetherapistcansendhisorherclinicalnotestothenewtherapist,whichwillaidinthecontinuityofcare.
Determiningwhentoterminatefamilytherapyisdifferentfromdeterminingwhentoterminateindividualtherapybecause
a. thetherapeutictrainingoffamilytherapistsisdifferent.
b. infamilytherapyitismoredifficulttoknowwhengoalsaremet.
c. the“problems”dealtwitharefarmorecomplex.
d. familiesarealwaysevolving.
D:“familiesarealwaysevolving:”Familytherapytendstobequiteproblem-focusedandevolving,sodeterminingtheendofthetherapyisnotalwayseasy.Sincethefamilyandthetherapistoftenagreeuponthenumberofsessionsatthebeginningoftherapy,theinvolvedpartiescanevaluategoalprogressneartheendoftheprescribednumberofsessions.Thenthefamilyandthetherapistcancollaborateanddecideregardingeitherterminationoradditionalsessions.
WhatisanoverridingtechniqueusedrepeatedlyinBowenFamilyTheory?
a. givingtests
b. theuseofhomeworkorout-of-sessionassignments
c. askingquestions
d. takingsurveys
C:“askingquestions:”Askingquestionsisacriticaltoolinfamilytherapy,especiallyinBowenFamilySystemsTherapy.Theinformationderivedfromquestionsaidsthetherapist,aswellasenhancesfamilymembersinunderstandingthemotivationsandperceptionsofotherfamilymembers.
Whenacouplewantstoterminatetherapyeventhoughthetherapistadvisesagainsttermination,whatactionisthetherapistlikelytotake?
a. pointoutthedireconsequencesofendingtherapy
b. respectthepatient’sdecision
c. seekacourtordertoforcethecontinuationoftherapy
d. chargethepatientsapenaltyfeeforearlyterminationoftherapy
B:“respectthepatient’sdecision:”Whenpatientswishtoterminatetherapyagainsttheadviceofthetherapist,thetherapistultimatelymustrespectthepatient’srighttodiscontinue.Thetherapistshouldreviewprogressmadeinrelationtogoalsset,makethenecessaryrecommendationsandsuggestions,butultimatelyrespectthepatient’sdecision.
Atherapist’sstudentsharesconcernsaboutdysfunctionalbehaviorinthestudent’sfamily.Thestudentrequestsasessionwiththetherapist.Isitacceptableforthetherapisttoseethestudent(andhisfamily),inatherapysetting?
a. yes
b. no
c. yes,butonlyifallthefamilymembersareawareofthestudent/therapistrelationship
d. yes,butonlyifnofeesarecharged
B:“no:”Enteringintoatherapeuticrelationshipwithastudentisconsideredinappropriateandunethical.Theriskofpossibleexploitationandimpairedobjectivity(giventheinfluentialpositionofthetherapist/supervisoroverthestudent),presentsaninappropriatetherapeuticsetting.
Yourpatienttellsyouthatshedoesnotmindifyousharedetailsofyoursessionswithothers.Isitacceptabletoshareyourpatient’sconfidentialinformation?
a. no
b. yes
c. yes,butonlyifshealsogiveswrittenconsent
d. yes,butonlyifshewascompetenttogiveherverbalconsentatthetimeshespokewithyou.
C:“yes,butonlyifshegiveswrittenconsent:”Sharingconfidentialinformationisinappropriateandunethicalunlessthetherapisthaswrittenconsentfromthepatient.Theonlytimeawrittenconsentisnotnecessaryisinthecaseofanemergency,andthetherapistdeemssuchdisclosurenecessary.
Yourpatientwantstopayyouviaanexchangeofservicesratherthanmonetarily.Issuchanarrangementethicallyacceptable?
a. yes
b. no
c. yes,butonlyiftheservicesareofanappropriatevalue
d. yes,butonlyunderspecificcircumstances
D:“yes,butonlyunderspecificcircumstances:”Payingfortherapywithgoodsorservicesisacceptableifthepatientinitiatesthearrangement,andifthearrangementisnotexploitativeinanyway.Inaddition,theformofpaymentshouldnotnegativelyimpacttheintegrityofthetherapeuticrelationship.Further,aclearlywrittencontractshouldspecifythetermsofthearrangement.
Youwerethefacultyadvisoronastudent’sresearchproject.Whentheprojectispublished,shouldyoureceiveauthorshipcredit?
a. yes,butonlyifyoumadesubstantialcontributionstotheprojectbeyondbeingsimplyanadvisor.
b. no
c. yes,always
d. yes,butonlyifmonetarypaymentisinvolved.
A:“yes,butonlyifyoumadesubstantialcontributionstotheprojectbeyondbeinganadvisor:”Receivingcreditforauthorshipofaresearchprojectonlyshouldhappeniftheadvising/supervisingindividualmadeasignificantcontributiontotheproject.Simplyactingasanadvisororcommitteememberdoesnotwarrantauthorshipcredit.
Therapistsinvolvedintreatmentofindividualsinvolvedincustodyissuesmaynotperformforensicevaluationsforcustodyofthoseindividualsdueto
a. safetyconsiderations.
b. monetaryconsiderations.
c. concernsregardingconfidentiality.
d. conflictofinterestissues.
D:“conflictofinterestissues:”Atherapistwhoisseeingapatientfortherapywouldexperienceconflictofinterestissuesifheorshealsowasinvolvedinaforensicevaluationtohelpdeterminecustodyissues.However,therapistscanprovideinformationtothecourtabouttheindividualinquestion,aslongasthetherapistmaintainspatientconfidentiality.
Canatherapistwithholdapatient’srecordsifthatpatienthasnotpaidforservicesrendered?
a. yes
b. no
c. yes,butonlyifamountofnon-paymentisinexcessof$500
d. yes,ifpreviouslyexplainedtothepatient
B:“no:”Atherapistcannotwithholdapatient’srecordsimplyduetonon-paymentissues.Thewelfareofthepatientmustbeparamountoverotherconsiderations.
Youareconductingaresearchstudy,havingrecruitedseveralvolunteerstoactasp
articipants.Oneofyourvolunteerswishestowithdrawfromthestudyhalfwaythrough,whichwillsignificantlyaffectyourstudyinanegativemanner.Doyouallowtheparticipanttowithdraw?
a. no,underanycircumstances
b. Iftheparticipantwasproperlybriefedpriortovolunteering,thenno
c. yes,butonlyifyoucaneasilyreplacetheparticipant
d. yes
D:“yes:”Researchersshouldbriefresearchparticipantsproperlybeforetheparticipanttakespartinanyresearch.Nonetheless,participantsmustbeallowedtoleaveatanytimeiftheysochoose.Particularly,researchersshouldbecognizantofanypossiblereasonsforvolunteerstofeelcoercedintostayingwithastudy,andthevolunteer’swishesalwaysshouldberespected.
Youengageinsexualactivitywithsomeoneyouhavebeensupervising,andthispersonraisesacomplaint.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a. Youareresponsibletoprovethatnoinjuryhasbeendonetothesupervisee.
b. Thesuperviseemustprovethatdamagewasdoneasaresultofthesexualencounter.
c. Thereisnoresponsibilitytodoanything,sincethematterisdecidedbytheethicscommittee.
d. Sincethisisapersonalmatter,nothingmoreneedstobedone.
A:“youareresponsibletoprovethatnoinjuryhasbeendonetothesupervisee:”Inasupervisionrelationship,itisinappropriateforasupervisortoengageasexualrelationshipwithasupervisee.However,ifasexualrelationshipdoesoccur,thesupervisorisresponsibletoprovethatthestudentexperiencednodamageduetotherelationship.
Yourpatienthaschosentoendhismarriage,eventhoughyouhaveexploredthemanynegativeconsequencesofdoingso.Youshould
a. insistthatheremaininhismaritalrelationship.
b. guidehiminunderstandingthepossibleconsequencesofhisactions,butrespecthisdecision.
c. tellhimyouwillcontacthiswifeifheinsistsondivorce.
d. informfamilymembersofhisdecisionandseektheirhelp.
B:“guidehiminunderstandingthepossibleconsequencesofhisactions,butrespecthisdecision:”Thetherapistassiststhepatientinunderstandingtheconsequencesofchoicesandguidesthepatient,butthepatient’sdecisionsarehis/herownandmustberespected.
Afamilythateffectivedealswithgrief,alsoisprobablyvery
a. open.
b. directive.
c. resistant.
d. closed.
A:“open:”Familiesthatareopenandspeakfreelyregardingissuesoflossaremorelikelytodealeffectivelywiththeirgrief.Likewise,adirect,openapproachisoftenbestwhenfacilitatingresolutionoflossissueswithinthefamilystructure.
