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Theory Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the nature, behavior, and use of materials applied to science and technology

A

Material Science

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2
Q

It involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials

A

Material Science

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3
Q

An interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.

A

Material Science

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4
Q

Designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties

A

Material Engineering

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5
Q

The —— of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components.

A

structure

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6
Q

A ——— is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus.

A

property

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7
Q

Classification of Materials
A. Fundamental Classes
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________

A
  1. Metallic
  2. Ceramic
  3. Polymeric
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8
Q

B. Major Classes
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________

A
  1. Metallic
  2. Ceramic
  3. Polymeric
  4. Composite
  5. Advance Materials
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9
Q

What are the main or fundamental classes of engineering materials?
A. Composite materials and noncomposite materials
B. Metallic materials, polymeric materials and ceramic materials
C. Metallic materials, nonmetallic materials, polymeric materials and ceramic materials
D. Metallic materials and nonmetallic materials

A

B. Metallic materials, polymeric materials and ceramic materials

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10
Q

Materials in this group are composed of one or more metallic elements, and often also nonmetallic elements in relatively small amounts.

A

Metals and alloys

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11
Q

Atoms in ——– and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner, and in comparison to the ceramics and polymers, are relatively dense

A

metals

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12
Q

Characteristics of Metals

A
  • Stiff and strong
  • Ductile
  • Resistant to fracture
  • Extremely good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Not transparent to visible light
  • Has a lustrous appearance
  • Some has magnetic prope
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13
Q

The addition of other elements into a metal

A

Alloying

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14
Q

Composition of Brass

A

Copper and zinc

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15
Q

Composition of Bronze

A

copper, zinc, tin

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16
Q

Composition of Pewter

A

tin, copper, bismuth, antimony

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17
Q

Composition of cast iron

A

iron, carbon, manganese, silicon

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18
Q

Composition of steel

A

iron, carbon

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19
Q

Composition of stainless steel

A

iron, chromium, nickel

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20
Q

The traditional process for making metallic components begins with melting of the metal or alloy.

A

Casting

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21
Q

If the molten mass is poured into a mold of some type and solidified, the process is called

A

casting

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22
Q

These materials have a large number of non-localized electrons, as an effect are very good conductors of electricity and heat. They are strong yet deformable, and extensively used in structural applications.
A. Polymers C. Metals
B. Ceramics D. Composites

A

C. Metals

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23
Q

Which of the following metals has the highest electrical conductivity?
A. Zinc C. Gold
B. Copper D. Aluminum

A

B. Copper

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24
Q

Which of the following is not a refractory metal?
A. Lead C. Tungsten
B. Niobium D. Tantalum

A

A. Lead

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25
Q

What type of materials behaves like iron when placed in a magnetic field?
A. Crystals C. Amorphous
B. Ferromagnetic D. Metalloids

A

B. Ferromagnetic

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26
Q

This element is used in modern, super strong permanent magnets because of their high coercivities
A. beryllium C. yttrium
B. neodymium D. alnico

A

B. neodymium

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27
Q

This metal is alloyed with steel to give it corrosion resistance properties, resulting in stainless steel.
A. vanadium C. molybdenum
B. magnesium D. chromium

A

D. chromium

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28
Q

What refers to the property of a substance to be repelled by a magnet due to the presence of paired electrons?
A. Paramagnetic C. Diamagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic D. Ferrimagnetic

A

C. Diamagnetic

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29
Q

What metal has the lowest boiling temperature?
A. Mercury C. Steel
B. Iron D. Molybdenum

A

A. Mercury

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30
Q

Which of the following is true about refractory metals?
A. Resistant to oxidation
B. Resistant to corrosion
C. Resistant to heat
D. Resistant to sun’s rays

A

C. Resistant to heat

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31
Q

Comes from the Greek word keramikos, which means “burnt stuff”.

A

Ceramics

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32
Q

The desirable properties of these materials are normally achieved through a high-temperature heat treatment process called

A

Firing

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33
Q

Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements

A

ceramics

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34
Q

They are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides

A

ceramics

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35
Q

Characteristics of Ceramics

A
  • High melting point
  • High hardness
  • Extremely brittle
  • Highly susceptible to fracture
  • Typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity
  • More resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers - May be transparent, translucent, or opaque
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36
Q

Defined as supercooled liquids because they do not crystallize when cooled below their melting points.

A

Glass

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37
Q

The principal component of the white wares and structural clay products

A

Clay

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38
Q

The materials that are employed at elevated temperatures and often in reactive environments

A

Refractories

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39
Q

Used to wear, grind, or cut away other material, which necessarily is softer

A

abrasive ceramics

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40
Q

Diamond, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, corundum, and silica sand are the most common examples

A

abrasive ceramics

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41
Q

The characteristic feature of these materials is that when mixed with water, they form a paste that subsequently sets
and hardens

A

cements

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42
Q

What are compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements called?
A. Ceramics C. Semiconductor
B. Metalloids D. Alloys

A

A. Ceramics

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43
Q

This refers to lowering the temperature of a liquid below its melting point before it becomes solid.
A. Sub cooling C. Super cooling
B. Supercritical D. Subcritical

A

C. Super cooling

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44
Q

Oxides, nitrides and carbides are main compositional classes of what type of material?
A. ceramics C. composites
B. metals D. polymers

A

A. ceramics

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45
Q

The process where a physical mixture of carbide and powdered metal is heated in order to solidify the powder into single piece.
A. Vitrification C. Sintering
B. Ceramication D. Polymerization

A

C. Sintering

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46
Q

_________ are composed of ceramics and metals
A. Cement C. Glass
B. Metal matrix D. Cermets

A

D. Cermets

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47
Q

The process of gluing the powders together with glasses to form other ceramic materials.
A. Vitrification C. Sintering
B. Ceramication D. Polymerization

A

A. Vitrification

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48
Q

Ceramic materials are found on ________ on the periodic table
A. Group 1 – 5 C. Group 4B
B. Group 3 – 12 D. Group 1A

A

A. Group 1 – 5

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49
Q

_______ materials are approximately considered to be those having a fracture strain of less than about 5%.
A. Ceramic C. Ductile
B. Brittle D. Malleable

A

B. Brittle

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50
Q

Which of the following is not a ceramic?
A. Glass C. Diamond
B. Graphite D. Carbon

A

D. Carbon

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51
Q

include the familiar plastic and rubber materials

A

Polymers

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52
Q

Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements (O,N, and Si)

A

Polymers

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53
Q

They have very large molecular structures, often chain like in nature that have a backbone of carbon atoms

A

Polymers

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54
Q

Characteristics of Polymers

A
  • Extremely ductile and pliable (i.e., plastic), which means they are easily formed into complex shapes.
  • Relatively inert chemically and unreactive in a large number of environments.
  • Tendency to soften and decompose at modest temperatures
  • Low electrical conductivities and are nonmagnetic.
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55
Q

is the basic repeating unit of a polymer

A

monomer or mers

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56
Q

Refers to the small molecule from which a polymer is synthesized

A

monomers

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57
Q

When all the repeating units along a chain are of the same type

A

homopolymer

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58
Q

Chains may be composed of two or more different repeat units

A

Copolymer

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59
Q

Polymer structures that are those in which the repeat units are joined together
end to end in single chains.

A

Linear

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60
Q

Polymers synthesized in which side - branch chains are connected to the main ones

A

branched

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61
Q

Adjacent linear chains are joined one to another at various positions by covalent bonds

A

cross-linked

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62
Q

Multifunctional monomers forming three or more active covalent bonds, make three-dimensional networks

A

Network

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63
Q

The term “blend” refers to materials that are mixture of _______?
A. two or more polymers
B. metal and non – metal
C. a polymeric and a ceramic
D. two or more ceramic

A

A. two or more polymers

64
Q

Polymer comes from Greek words poly which means many and meros which means _________.
A. metal C. material
B. part D. plastic

65
Q

Which of the following plastics does not burn but rather extinguishes itself?
A. polyester C. acrylic
B. nylon D. propylene

66
Q

_____________ refers to the strong primary chemical bonds which forms some of the polymeric materials.
A. Polymerization C. Cross – linking
B. Vulcanization D. Copolymerization

A

C. Cross – linking

67
Q

In polymers, what refers to a large molecule with alternating mers?
A. Copolymer C. Cross – linking
B. Monomer D. Vulcanization

A

A. Copolymer

68
Q

Polymers are materials that are found on __________ on the periodic table. [OCT 2012 ECE Board Exam]
A. Group 1 – 5 C. Group 4B
B. Group 3 – 12 D. Group 1A

A

C. Group 4B or 4A

69
Q

The average number of mers in the molecule of a polymer is known as:
A. Degree of polymerization
B. Polymerization coefficient
C. Copolymerization constant
D. All of the choices are correct

A

A. Degree of polymerization

70
Q

Wood is composed of chains of cellulose molecules bonded together by another natural polymer called
_______.
A. cellulose C. latex
B. plastic D. lignin

71
Q

Composed of two (or more) individual materials, which come from the metals, ceramics, and polymers

72
Q

Materials that are utilized in high-technology applications - Semiconductors, biomaterials, and materials of the future

A

Advanced materials

73
Q

Have electrical properties that are intermediate between
electrical conductors and insulators

A

Semi conductors

74
Q

Are employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body parts.

A

Biomaterials

75
Q

Materials of the Future uses

A
  • Smart (intelligent) materials
  • Nanoengineered materials \
  • Carbon nanotubes
76
Q

Materials composed of more than one material type and are designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each component material.
A. Polymers C. Metals
B. Ceramics D. Composites

A

D. Composites

77
Q

A composite material composed of large ceramic particles distributed over a ceramic binder, used chiefly in structural applications.
A. cement C. concrete
B. nanofiber D. fiberglass

A

C. concrete

78
Q

These are materials, commonly used as actuators, which after having been deformed revert back to their original shapes when temperature is changed.
A. Shape memory alloys
B. Piezoelectric materials
C. Magnetorestrictive materials
D. Electrorheological materials

A

A. Shape memory alloys

79
Q

Materials that have electrical properties that are intermediate between the metals or metal alloys and ceramics or polymers
A. metalloid C. insulator
B. porcelain D. semiconductor

A

D. semiconductor

80
Q

What is the strongest material?
A. Carbon nanotubes C. Fullerenes
B. Shape memory alloys D. Diamond

A

A. Carbon nanotubes

81
Q

A device used in biotelemetry for monitoring the physiologic activity of an animal, such as pH values of stomach acid
A. radio pill C. biomed
B. biotelemeter D. pH meter

A

A. radio pill

82
Q

A material property that relate deformation to an applied load or force

A

Mechanical Property

83
Q

The stimulus is an electric field on a material

A

Electrical property

84
Q

Represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity

A

Thermal property

85
Q

the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field

A

magnetic property

86
Q

the stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation

A

optical property

87
Q

relate to the chemical reactivity of materials

A

deteriorative property

88
Q

The _____________, sometimes called the breakdown strength, represents the magnitude of an electric field necessary to produce breakdown.
A. Avalanche breakdown C. Working voltage
B. Dielectric constant D. Dielectric strength

A

D. Dielectric strength

89
Q

What refers to the reciprocal dispersion of optical materials?
A. Nusselt number C. Abbe number
B. Prandtl number D. Schmidt number

A

C. Abbe number

90
Q

The movement of liquid through a phosphor diaphragm of other permeable solid as a result of an applied electric field.
A. Electrophoresis C. Electrical diffusion
B. Electron osmosis D. All of these are correct

A

B. Electron osmosis

91
Q

Changes of state from where particles are able to move freely to a state where they can no longer move freely and can only vibrate.
A. Melting C. Evaporation
B. Freezing D. Condensation

A

B. Freezing

92
Q
  • Found in compounds that are composed of both metallic and nonmetallic elements
  • Bond occurs through transfer of electrons, forming ions.
A

Ionic bonding

93
Q
  • Stable electron configurations are assumed by the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms
  • Bond occurs between two nonmetallic elements
A

Covalent Bonding

94
Q

The electrostatic interaction between delocalized electrons, called conduction electrons and gathered in an “electron sea”, and the metallic nuclei.

A

Metalic bonding

95
Q
  • Interatomic and intermolecular bonds that are relatively
    weak and for which bonding energies are relatively small.
  • Normally atomic or molecular dipoles are involved.
A

Van der Waals

96
Q

The energy required to separate two atoms that are chemically bonded to each other.

A

Bonding / Binding energy

97
Q

Binding energy of covalent

98
Q

Binding energy of ionic

99
Q

Binding energy of metallic

100
Q

Binding energy of van der waals

A

less than 10

101
Q

In this type of bond, a relatively large interatomic force that tends to energy transfer from one atom to another that are bonded together by coulombic force. It is called the
________ bond.
A. Ionic C. Covalent
B. Metallic D. Secondary

102
Q

It refers to sharing of delocalized electron to form strong bond between atoms. It is called the ________ bond.
A. Ionic C. Covalent
B. Metallic D. Secondary

A

B. Metallic

103
Q

It is a type of bond where relatively large interatomic forces are created by the sharing of electrons to form a bond with localized directional atoms. It is called the ________ bond.
A. Ionic C. Covalent
B. Metallic D. Secondary

A

C. Covalent

104
Q

Ionic bonding was supposed to be believed at first as ________.
A. Sharing of electrons of nonmetallic and nonmetallic atoms
B. Sharing of electrons of metallic and nonmetallic atoms
C. Transfer of electrons of nonmetallic and nonmetallic atoms
D. Transfer of electrons of metallic and nonmetallic atoms

A

D. Transfer of electrons of metallic and nonmetallic atoms

105
Q

What is the bond angle of water?
A. 109.5 degrees C. 105 degrees
B. 110 degrees D. 107.5 degrees

A

C. 105 degrees

106
Q

Materials with binding energy in the range of 150 – 370 kcal/mol are considered to exhibit what type of bonding?
A. Ionic C. Covalent
B. Metallic D. Secondary

A

C. Covalent

107
Q

One in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic distances

A

Crystalline materials

108
Q

Upon solidification, the atoms will position themselves in a repetitive three-dimensional pattern, in which each atomis bonded to its nearest-neighbor atoms

A

Crystal Lattice

109
Q

Three – dimensional set of points coinciding with atom positions (or sphere centers)

110
Q

The basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure

111
Q

Materials that does not have a definite crystal structure. Examples are glasses.

A

Amorphous materials

112
Q
  • The characteristic of a material being able to exist in more than one crystal structure, depending on its temperature and pressure.
  • Also called polymorphism.
113
Q

A material whose atomic arrangement occurs as periodic, repeating structures over large distances
A. Crystalline C. Polycrystalline
B. Solid D. Amorphous

A

A. Crystalline

114
Q

An elemental solid having a different crystal structure, usually due to the prevailing temperature and pressure.
A. Crystal C. Polycrystal
B. Allotrope D. Amorphous

A

B. Allotrope

115
Q

It is the enthalpy change associated with the condensation
of gaseous positive and negative ion into a crystal.
A. Lattice energy C. Enthalpy energy
B. Raoult’s Law D. Schottky defect

A

A. Lattice energy

116
Q

This refers to a crystal system with two equal axes with one angle equal to 120 degrees
A. Tetragonal C. Orthorhombic
B. Rhombohedral D. Hexagonal

A

D. Hexagonal

117
Q

This refers to distance between two nuclei of atoms.
A. bond length C. bond distance
B. bond radius D. All of these.

A

A. bond length

118
Q

The arrangement of the atoms in a material into a regular repeatable pattern.
A. Crystal structure C. Domain
B. Atomic structure D. Lattice

A

A. Crystal structure

119
Q

This refers to a crystal system with unequal axes with all angles at right angle
A. Tetragonal C. Orthorhombic
B. Rhombohedral D. Hexagonal

A

C. Orthorhombic

120
Q

The arrangement of the atoms in a material into a regular repeatable pattern

A

Crystal structure

121
Q

How many crystal are there in the Bravais crystal structure

122
Q

There are 14 known crystals structures that exists called the

A

Bravais crystal structures

123
Q

Composed of atoms on the lattice points of a cube, thus having a total of one atom in each unit cell

A

Simple cubic

124
Q

Two atoms are associated with each BCC unit cell: the equivalent of one atom from the eight corners, each of which is shared among eight unit cells, and the single center atom.

A

body centered cubic

125
Q

One-eighth of each of the eight corner atoms and one-half of each of the six face atoms, or a total of four whole atoms, may be assigned to a given unit cell.

A

Face centered cubic

126
Q

The equivalent of six atoms is contained in each unit cell; one-sixth of each of the 12 top and bottom face corner atoms, one-half of each of the 2 center face atoms, and all 3 midplane interior atoms.

A

Hexagonal closed pack

127
Q

The number of atoms, that a central atom holds as its nearest neighbors in a crystal

A

Coordination number

128
Q

The sum of the sphere volumes of all atoms within a unit cell (assuming the atomic hard sphere model) divided by the unit cell volume

A

Atomic packing factor

129
Q

Atomic packing factor of FCC

130
Q

Atomic packing factor of HCP

131
Q

Atomic packing factor of BCC

132
Q

Coordination no. of FCC

133
Q

Coordination no. of HCP

134
Q

Coordination no. of BCC

135
Q

No. of atoms in FCC

136
Q

No. of atoms in BCC

137
Q

No. of atoms in HCP

138
Q

A shorthand notation to describe certain crystallographic planes in a material.

A

Miller-indices

139
Q

What is another name for face – centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure?
A. Close Cubic Packed (CCP)
B. Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
C. Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
D. Simple Cubic (SC)

A

A. Close Cubic Packed (CCP)

140
Q

Calculate the volume of an FCC unit cell in terms of the atomic radius R.
A. V = 16R3√4 C. V = 4R3√4
B. V = 16R3√3 D. V = 4R3√3

A

A. V = 16R3√4

141
Q

What two crystal structures have the same total number of atoms inside?
A. FCC and HCP C. BCC and HCP
B. BCC and CCP D. CCP and FCC

A

A. FCC and HCP

142
Q

What two crystal structures have the same coordination number?
A. FCC and HCP C. BCC and HCP
B. BCC and CCP D. CCP and FCC

A

A. FCC and HCP

143
Q

What two crystal structures have the same atomic packing factor?
A. FCC and HCP C. BCC and HCP
B. BCC and CCP D. CCP and FCC

A

A. FCC and HCP

144
Q

What is the atomic packing factor of simple cubic (SC) crystal structure?
A. 0.68 C. 0.74
B. 0.52 D. 0.93

145
Q

The element beryllium has what crystal structure?
A. FCC C. HCP
B. BCC D. CCP

146
Q

This refers to the number of atoms touching a particular atom, or the number of nearest neighbors of an atom.
A. Coordination number
B. Miller indices
C. Atomic Packing Factor
D. Bravais Structure

A

A. Coordination number

147
Q

A lattice irregularity having one or more of its dimensions on the order of an atomic diameter

A

crystalline defect

148
Q

Where an atom is missing or is in an irregular place in the lattice structure

A

point defect

149
Q

One normally occupied from which an atom is
missing

150
Q

A self-interstitial is an atom from the crystal that is crowded into an interstitial site, a small void space that under ordinary circumstances is not occupied

A

point defect

151
Q

-Type of point defect in which an interstitial lies near the vacancy.
- forms when an atom or ion leaves its place in the lattice (leaving a vacancy), and lodges nearby in the crystal (becoming an interstitial)

A

Frenkel defect

152
Q

A neutral defect of ionic lattices consisting of two vacancies, one cation and one anion

A

schottky defect

153
Q

A linear or one-dimensional defect around which some of the atoms are misaligned.

A

dislocation

154
Q

A linear defect that centers around the line that is defined along the end of the extra half-plane of atoms

A

edge disloction

155
Q

Formed by a shear stress that is applied to produce the distortion

A

screw dislocation

Material Science and Engineering (1 decks)

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