Theory Flashcards
Infection Control
Infection control refers to the practices and procedures used to prevent the spread of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• These practices are essential to ensure the health and safety of both clients and professionals in the salon.
Microorganisms/ Bacteria
Single-celled organisms that can exist in various environments.
Nonpathogenic
Do not cause disease and are often beneficial (e.g., probiotics).
Pathogenic
Harmful bacteria that can cause infections and diseases.
Viruses
Microorganisms that can only live and reproduce inside the cells of a host organism. Examples include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus
Fungi
Organisms that include molds, yeasts, and mildew. Fungal infections can affect the skin and nails and spreads easily in most conditions. (e.g., athlete’s foot, ringworm).
Parasites
Organisms that live off another organism (the host). Examples include lice and mites.
Sanitation
The process of cleaning to remove dirt and debris, which helps reduce the number of microbes to a safe level but does not kill them.
Disinfection
The process of using chemicals to destroy most microorganisms on surfaces, except for bacterial spores. Disinfection does not eliminate all pathogens.
Sterilization
The most effective form of infection control, which involves destroying all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores, using autoclaves or other high-heat methods.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
includes items such as gloves, face masks, aprons, and eye protection that protect the nail technician and clients from exposure to harmful microorganisms.
• Gloves are essential when handling chemicals, blood, or body fluids, and must be changed between clients.
• Masks and eye protection are necessary when performing procedures that could result in splashing or spraying of fluids
Cleanliness
Regular cleaning and disinfecting of tools and surfaces reduce the risk of infection.
Avoid Cross — contamination
Do not reuse products or tools on different clients without disinfecting them.
Proper Hand Hygiene
Handwashing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of germs. Hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol can also be used when soap and water are not available.
Proper Tool disinfection
Tools such as nail clippers, buffers, and files must be disinfected after each use. Items that cannot be disinfected (like emery boards) should be discarded after each client.
Single use items
Items such as cotton balls, wax strips, and wooden sticks should be discarded of after each use.
Pre — cleaning
The first step involves cleaning tools to remove visible debris with soap and water
Disinfection
After cleaning, tools should be soaked or sprayed with an EPA-approved disinfectant for the required amount of time
Storage
After disinfecting, tools should be stored in a clean, dry, and covered container.
Bloodborne pathogens
are disease-causing microorganisms found in human blood, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.
Decontamination
involves both cleaning and disinfecting items to make them safe for reuse.
Cleaning
is the removal of dirt and debris from surfaces or tools,
disinfecting
follows to kill germs and pathogens that may remain.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Establishes guidelines and regulations for the safe handling of chemicals and exposure to hazardous materials, including bloodborne pathogens. Regulate work place safety and health.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Regulates disinfectants and other chemicals used in nail salons. Only EPA-approved products should be used to ensure proper sanitation and disinfection. It has been tested and approved for salon use
Disinfecting Surfaces
All workstations, pedicure tubs, and chairs must be cleaned and disinfected regularly
Pedicure Tubs
These should be disinfected after every use. Use a non-porous liner or thoroughly clean and disinfect the basin.
Dispose of Used Items Properly
Sharps, such as disposable blades or broken glass, should be placed in a puncture-proof container.
Salon Cleanliness
The entire salon should be regularly sanitized, including floors, walls, and any other areas that clients may come into contact with.
Why SDS Are Important
They ensure compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
• They protect workers by providing essential safety information about products used in the salon.
Where SDS Must Be Kept
Salons must maintain an SDS binder with sheets for every product used.
• These sheets should be readily accessible to all employees.
Hospital-Grade Disinfectants
Effective against bloodborne pathogens, including HIV and hepatitis B.
• Approved for cleaning surfaces and tools exposed to blood or body fluids.
EPA-Registered Disinfectants
Meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for disinfecting surfaces.
• Effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Tuberculocidal Disinfectants:
Specifically effective against tuberculosis bacteria.
• Often required for certain state regulations.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats
Commonly used in salons for surface disinfection.
• Easy to use, non-corrosive, and effective when used according to instructions.
Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite
• Must be mixed in a 10% solution for disinfecting non-porous surfaces.
• Requires proper ventilation and must not be mixed with other chemicals.
Alcohol
Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol (70-90%) is effective for skin and some equipment sanitization.
• Not considered a high-level disinfectant for tools.
Phenolics
Powerful disinfectants effective on metal tools.
• Can cause damage to plastic or rubber.
. Disinfectants for Pedicure Spas
Must be EPA-registered and designed to remove biofilm.
• Follow manufacturer instructions for proper use and cleaning intervals.
Disinfection Process
- Wash tools and surfaces with soap and water to remove visible dirt.
- Completely immerse tools in disinfectant solution, following the manufacturer’s instructions for time and concentration.
- Store disinfected tools in a clean, dry, and covered container
Contact Time:
Tools must remain submerged in the disinfectant for the specified time to be effective.
Label and Date
Label all disinfectant containers with the type of solution and the date it was prepared.
Contamination
The presence of harmful microorganisms on objects, surfaces, or skin.
Cross-Contamination
The transfer of harmful microorganisms from one surface or person to another.
Pathogen
A harmful microorganism that can cause disease or infection.
Antiseptic
A substance that inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms on the skin.
Sterile
The complete elimination of all microorganisms from an item or surface.
Autoclave
A machine used for sterilization that uses high pressure and steam to kill bacteria and spores.
