theory

Question 1

what protects the spinal cord?

Answer 1

the verterbral canal

Question 2

what is the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 2

also known as the thoracic inlet bounded by bones of the upper thorax, manubrium, first pair of ribs, and body of t1

Question 3

Whats the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 3

border covered by diaphragm to separate it ftom the abdominal cavity

Question 4

How do we call the sideway curvature of the spine?

Answer 4

scoliosis

Question 5

how does the saccrum form

Answer 5

fusion of 4 sacral vertebrae

Question 6

What movements are restrcition in the thoracic region

Answer 6

flexion, extension and lateral flexion

Question 7

What movement is restricted in the lumbar region

Answer 7

circumduction, very stable region

Question 8

what are the borders of the mediatinum

Answer 8

anteriorly: sternum
posterior. thoracic verterbrae
lateral: mediastinal pleura
inferior:diaphragm
superior: thoracic inlet

Question 9

what are the divisions of the mediastinum?

Answer 9

1.Transthoracic plane: between sternal angle and t4 T5
2.Supracardiac mediastinum
3.Inferior mediastinum: ant,middle and post

Question 10

What are the layers of the superiod mediastinum?

Answer 10

1.Thymus gland
2 SVC
3-Aortic arch and branches
4-Trachea & root of lung
5-Oesophagus

Question 10

What make sup the lesses splanchnic nerves?

Answer 10

T10-T11

Question 10

What makes up the greater splanchnic nerves?

Answer 10

T6-T9

Question 11

what makes up the least splanchnic nerves?

Answer 11

T12

Question 11

What bones make up the skeleton?

Answer 11

verterbral column, ribs & sternum

Question 12

What goes through the transvers foramen?

Answer 12

vertebral vessels

Question 13

differences between right and left main bronchus

Answer 13

R: shorter, wider , more vertical and divides 3 lobar bronchi
L: longer, narrower, more horizontal and divides into 2 lobar bronchi

Question 14

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 14

anterior: costal surface
medially: mediastinal surface
inferiorly: diaphragmatic surface

Question 15

what makes up the hilum

Answer 15

main bronchus, pulmonary artery and veins

Question 16

order of content of right hilum

Answer 16

B
A
V

Question 17

order of content of left hilum

Answer 17

A
B
V

Question 18

how many broncho pulmonary segments?

Answer 18

10: right- 3sup, 2mid, 5 inf
left- 5 inf & 5 sup

Question 19

what runs between the segment

Answer 19

pulmonary veins and lymphatics

Question 20

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 20

naso, oro, and laryngopharynx

Question 21

what structure open into inferior nasal meatus

Answer 21

nasolacrimal duct

Question 22

what structure open into middle nasal meatus

Answer 22

frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
ant & mid ethmoid cells

Question 23

what structure open into superior nasal meatus

Answer 23

posterior ethmoid cell

Question 24

which cartilages of the larynx are hyaline

Answer 24

Take Anna’s Crown
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Cricoid

Question 25

which cartilages of the larynx are elastic

Answer 25

Come Eat Cuscus
Corniculate
Epiglottis
Cuneiform

Question 26

what type of joint is crycothyroid and what makes i t?

Answer 26

hinge joint
inferior horn of thyroid and lateral articular facets od cricoid

Question 27

what type of joint is crycoarytenoid and what makes i t?

Answer 27

pivot oint
articulating facets of arytenoid and superior artivular facets of thyrodi

Question 28

where is the conicotomy perfomed

Answer 28

through median crycothroid ligament

Question 29

what muscle is innervated by the sup laryngeal nerve

Answer 29

cricothyroid muscle which tightens vocal folds
rest is recuren

Question 30

which muscle opens the rima glotitdis

Answer 30

posterior cricoarythenoid
an abductor