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Product Design > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of a CAM

A

.A CAM which is connected to a crankshaft
.And a follower which touches the CAM which follows the shape

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2
Q

What are some examples of CAMs

A

Heart shaped CAM
Eccentric (circle one)
Pear shaped CAM
Egg shaped CAM
Snail CAM

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3
Q

How do you work out ratio

A

Ratio= driven/ drive

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4
Q

What are the examples of rechargeable batteries

A

Lithium iron
Nickel cashing batteries

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5
Q

What is the main difference between Nickel cadmium and lithium iron batteries

A

One is more flexible than others

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6
Q

What are three examples of natural fibres

A

Cotton
Wool
Silk

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7
Q

What are three examples of synthetic fibres

A

Polyester, Nylon, Lycra

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8
Q

How are woven fabrics made

A

Woven fabrics are produced by interlacing two sets of yarns at the right length of the fabric. The weft yarns run across the width of the fabric at the edge where the warp meets

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9
Q

How are non woven fabrics made

A

They are made by forming fibrous webs directly from fibres of polymer granules and consolidating the webs

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10
Q

What are the properties of woven fabrics

A

Elastic
Water resistant
Warm
Strong fibres
Absorbent

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11
Q

What are the properties of Non woven fabrics

A

Soft
Water repellent
Cushioning
Absorb liquid

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12
Q

What are blended fabrics

A

Two or more fabrics
In one thing

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13
Q

What are the Advantages of a polyester/Cotton blend

A

Cancels out creasing and colour changing in cotton

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a Lycra/ cotton blend

A

Makes cloths stretchy and crease resistant

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15
Q

What is a difference in knitted and woven fabrics

A

Knitted fabrics are warmer

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16
Q

What is deforestation

A

The mass cutting down of trees

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17
Q

What are 5 disadvantages of CAD/CAM

A

Software is complex to work
Expensive software
Easily hacked
Risk of corrupt data
Compatibility issues
Training costs
High maintenance costs

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18
Q

What are 5 advantages of CAD/CAM

A

.Designs are easily copied
.CAD is accurate
.It can process complex stress testing
. Designs can be worked in remotely
. Costs less time

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19
Q

What are the different types of CAM

A

CAM= computer aided manufacturing
CAD= computer aided design
CNC= computer numerical control

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20
Q

What does accuracy mean

A

When a product is close to what is expected

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21
Q

What is a prototype

A

A practice model

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22
Q

What is rendering

A

Shading to show form and shape

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23
Q

What is stress testing

A

To test to see if the products fits it’s purpose

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24
Q

Where do plastics come from

A

Horns and trees =natural
Crude oil= synthetic

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25
Q

How are plastics mad

A

Via polymerisation

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26
Q

What are the two types of plastic

A

Thermoforming
Thermosetting

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27
Q

What are the uses of thermosetting

A

Urea formulae= used in electrical sockets
Melamine formulae= laminated surfaces and pan handles

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28
Q

fWhat are ferrous metals

A

They are metals that contain iron

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29
Q

How does carbon effect hardness of a ferrous metal

A

It makes it harder

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30
Q

What are the types of Steele

A

Mild Steele
Medium carbon Steele
High carbon Steele
Cast iron

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31
Q

How does carbon effect how ductile something is

A

The less carbon the more ductile

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32
Q

What are alloys

A

They are metals that are made up of two or more metalsExamples of alloys include red gold (gold and copper), white gold (gold and silver), sterling silver (silver and copper

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33
Q

Why are alloys made

A

To get the best properties of each metal in one

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34
Q

What are non ferrous metals

A

Metals with no iron

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35
Q

What is aluminium used for

A

Drinks cans and aircraft bodies

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36
Q

What’s re the properties of aluminium

A

Soft malleable and corrosion resistant

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37
Q

What are the properties of copper

A

Tough
Ductile
Electrical conductors

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38
Q

What is copper used in

A

Electrical contacts
Cables
Wires
Jewellery

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39
Q

What are two examples of alloys

A

Brass+copper
Bronze+copper

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40
Q

What are the properties of brass+copper

A

Strong wearing
Used in valves and taps

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41
Q

What are properties of bronze and copper

A

Hard
Strong
Corrode
Used in statues coins and bearings

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42
Q

What are the consumer rights

A

Protects customers
.The act protects you 30 days after purchase
. It says product should be good quality
. However if it was faulty already you are not protected
. The act does not cover contracts
. Protects consumers services the recessive

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43
Q

How do you maintain sustainability

A

Finite resources should not be used as they are limited and some can release harmful emissions

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44
Q

What is continuous improvement

A

An approach that continually improves products

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45
Q

What is efficient working

A

To remove waste from any process

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46
Q

What is carbon offsetting

A

Compensating for co2 pollution

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47
Q

What is the product lifecycle cycle

A

Extraction of minerals
Manufacturing
Transport
Consumption
Recycling

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48
Q

How do product lifecycles help company’s

A

They help them make desk coins on how to improve a product

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49
Q

What is wrong with incineration

A

It release co2 pollutants
However no Methane is created

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50
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of landfill

A

Produces pollutants
However is cheap and keeps hazardous waste segregated

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51
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sea dumping

A

Cheap and easy
However destroys ecosystems

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52
Q

What are the advantages of recycling

A

Reduces the need for finite resources, saves wildlife and it’s not pollutant

53
Q

what are the types of molding

A

extrusion
blow
thermoforming
injection
compression
rotation

54
Q

what is an example of extrusion molding

A

straws
pipes
window

55
Q

what is an example of blow molding

A

bottles/ anything hollow

56
Q

what is an example of thermoforming molding

A

packaging

57
Q

what is an example of injection molding

A

containers and lego

58
Q

what is an example of compression molding

A

floor/ gym mats

59
Q

what is an example of rotation molding

A

kayaks/ big plastic products

60
Q

what is a composite material

A

a composite material is made of two other materials with different properties

61
Q

what are types of paper

A

cartridge, copier,tracing, boards, couragatted, mounting

62
Q

what is a use of cartridge paper

A

artistic papper used for painting, drawing extra thick textured up to 140 gsm

63
Q

what is a use of copier paper

A

printing and photocopying 80gsm smooth and strong

64
Q

what is a use of tracing paper

A

used to copy drawings only 40gsm thick
thin an transparent

65
Q

what is a use corrugated paper

A

can be made into boxes for packaging electricals. the fluting helps absorbs impact

66
Q

what is a use for mounting board

A

high quality work/ models

it is thick and stiff and available in various colours

67
Q

what is a use for layout paper

A

sketching/ developing ideas only 50gsm

thin enough to trace and is cheap

68
Q

what are the three types of boards

A

folding backboard
composite boards
laminated boards

69
Q

what are the aspects of folding backboard

A

high quality packaging, display stands for food, single or multi layered folds easily and can be printed on

70
Q

what are the properties of composite boards

A

they are a material made up of two other materials with different properties they are used in food packaging and drinks cartons

71
Q

what are the properties of laminated boards

A

boards are found in products like shelf stable carton which are made of 3 materials this is useful as it adds strength and applys a good finish this is done by a laminate in machine

72
Q

what are properties some metals can have

A

its strength
luster
conductivity
toughness
hardness
ductile
malleable

73
Q

what is strength

A

how well a material can resist being deformed

74
Q

what is luster

A

a gentle sheen or soft glow

75
Q

what is conductivity

A

the ability to allow electrical current or heat pass through it

76
Q

what is toughness

A

how well something can withstand impact

77
Q

what is hardness

A

how well it can withstand scratching without breaking

78
Q

what is ductile

A

how well something can withstand stretching

79
Q

what is malleability

A

how easily something can be shaped

80
Q

what is lamination

A

it is a technique of layering material using heat pressure and adhesives

81
Q

what is a benefit of lamination

A

it increases strength and you can create different shapes e.g curves

82
Q

where is lamination commonly used

A

in ply wood

83
Q

how are timbers categorised

A

hard woods
soft woods
manufactured boards

84
Q

what are some examples of hardwoods

A

oak, ash , sapple, birch, walnut

85
Q

what are some example of soft woods

A

pine, sprice, fur, red wood

86
Q

what are some examples of manufactured boards

A

MDF, plywood, chipboard

87
Q

what are the benefits of manufactured boards

A

they are cheap and better for the environment as you are using wasted wood

88
Q

what are the properties of hardwood

A

deciduous trees ( leaf loss)
higher cost
take longer to grow ( nicer grain)
used in boats and high quality furniture

89
Q

what are the properties of softwood

A

they are evergreen
cheaper cost
can grow all year
garin is spread out ( younger)
used in lower quality furniture

90
Q

what are the properties of manufactured boards

A

used in low quality furniture
boarding out floors and walls
low cost mainly made from thin srips or scraps of wood and are chaep

91
Q

what are some example of metal finishes

A

varnish
plastic coating
glover varnishing
enameling

92
Q

what is varnishing

A

where you apply a clear transparent coating multiple times to create a protective layer

93
Q

what is plastic coating

A

it is suitable for mot metals and is dipped in coating and returned to oven for good finish

94
Q

what is glover varnishing

A

where you coat something in molten zinc

95
Q

what is enameling

A

powdered glass melted provides a hard surface

96
Q

how do we prepare wood

A

we season wood (dry it) to prevent it twisting, warping and expanding when moist

97
Q

what is air drying when talking about wood

A

air drying is where it is left outside in piles for six months to dry out

98
Q

what is kiln drying

A

kiln drying is where you place you wood inside and it is dried over a 24 hour period at a constant temperature

99
Q

what are the disadvantages of kiln drying

A

expensive
bad for the environment

100
Q

what are the disadvantages of air drying

A

time consuming
bugs live in it
could rot
cheap

101
Q

what does the FSC stand for

A

the forestry stewardship council

102
Q

what does the FSC do

A

they protect animals ecosystems indigenous people and forest around them

103
Q

what would happen if the FSC weren’t there

A

illegal logging would increase ecosystems destroyed animal extinction and flooding

104
Q

what is the paper making process

A

trees are cut down
water is added to wood chips
boiled to make wood pulp
paper is bleached and chemicals are added
the paper is flattened
the paper dried
it is rolled and cut in strips

105
Q

what are the paper sizes

A

A2 = 594mm x 420mm
A3 =420mm x 297mm
A4= 297 mm x 210mm
A5= 210 mm x 148 mm
A6= 148mm x 105mm

106
Q

what is papers units

A

g/m2

107
Q

when is paper classified as a board

A

when it weighs over 200g/m2

108
Q

what is prototyping

A

this is where teams create design around there product to decide which would be the best

109
Q

why are alkaline batteries better than normal batteries

A

Alkaline batteries offer longer-lasting power, higher performance, and are suitable for high-drain devices, while carbon batteries are better suited for low-drain devices with less demanding power needs.

110
Q

how do you safely dispose of batteries

A

by putting them i supermarket bins

111
Q

what are the main types of energy

A

chemical
mechanical
nuclear
gravitational

112
Q

how is chemical energy stored

A

in batteries
gasses
solid fuel
food

113
Q

how is mechanical energy stored

A

compression
tension
motion

114
Q

how is kinetic energy stored

A

movement
electricity
heat
sound

115
Q

what do you need to keep in mind when making a design brief

A

aesthetic considerations
functional considerations
market considerations

116
Q

what are some examples of smart materials

A

thermochromic
shape memory alloys
photochromic
polymorph
ferrofluids
self healing materials
chemochromic

117
Q

what are thermochromic pigments

A

change colour when their temperature changes. The term ‘thermo’ relates to heat, and chroma means colour. often used in cloths

118
Q

what are shape memory alloys

A

are metal
alloys
that can remember their shape when heated

119
Q

what are photochromic materials

A

work in a similar way but ‘photo’ refers to light - so these pigments change their properties when exposed to
ultraviolet (UV)
light

120
Q

what are chemochromic materials

A

Chemochromic Materials are materials which react with different chemicals and exhibit a change in color, transmission, or reflection properties

121
Q

what are block diagrams

A

they consider the input, process, and out put and look like rectangles with arrows in between.

122
Q

what is an example of an input device

A

light dependant resistor (resistance changes along with the light) used in street lights
thermistor ( these can change resistance along side the temperature) these are used in ovens

123
Q

what is an example of a processor

A

switch this is used in most devices ( this can allow current of prevent current)

programmable components these can be programed to do a certain things these are used in washing machines

124
Q

what is a example of an output device

A

speaker uses electromagnet to vibrate for sound used in headphones and computers

LED long lasting power light used in christmas lights

125
Q

what is anthropometrics

A

this is the practise of taking measurements of the human body and provide categories of data that can be used by designers

126
Q

what are ergonomics

A

ergonomics is the process of designing or arranging workplaces, products and systems so that they fit the people who use them.

127
Q

what are some examples of manufacturing

A

batch manufacturing
3d printing
machining
casting

128
Q

what is user centered design

A

is an iterative design process in which designers focus on the users and their needs in each phase of the design process.

129
Q

how do you stay safe when doing dt

A

use the correct ppe and use the machines correctly

Product Design (2 decks)

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