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Cisco Networking > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles of host/end devices

A

Servers - provide information
Client roles - request and display information

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2
Q

What is peer to peer?

A

Computers that can function as both servers and clients in a network

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3
Q

Advantages of peer to peer networks

A

Easier to set up
Cost less
Can accomplish simple functions

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4
Q

Disadvantages of peer to peer networks

A

Have no central administrative networks
Are not secure
Are not scalable
Performance is slower

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5
Q

Types of network devices

A
  1. End devices
  2. Intermediary devices
  3. Network media
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6
Q

What do intermediary devices do? (name at least 3)

A
  1. Connect end devices to network devices and other networks
  2. Regenerates and retransmits data signals
  3. Maintain network pathways
  4. Notify errors
  5. Classify and direct messages
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7
Q

What are the types of network topologies

A
  1. Physical - shows location of devices and cable installation
  2. Logical - shows devices, ports and addressing schemes
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8
Q

Parts of network topology

A
  1. End devices, network media and intermediary devices
  2. Network Interface Card
  3. Physical ports and interfaces
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9
Q

Network Sizes

A

Small Home networks

Small Office and Home Office (SOHO)

Medium to large networks

World wide net

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10
Q

Features of LAN

A
  • Local area network (small area)
  • small business or home
  • administered by a single organisation or individual
  • high speeds internally
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11
Q

Features of WAN

A
  • Wide geographical area
  • Managed by ISP or service providers
  • Interconnect LANs
  • Slower speeds between LANs
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12
Q

What is the internet?

A
  • Worldwide connection of interconnected WANs that connect LANs
  • Requiring consistency and standards
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13
Q

Name a few internet organisations

A
  • Internet Engineering Task Force
  • Internet corporation for Assigned Names and Networks
  • Internet Architecture board

[IETF, ICANN and IAB]

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14
Q

What is the intranet and extranet?

A

Intranet - internal private connection of LANs and WANs that is accessible only to members

Extranet - secure access network to outer individuals i.e suppliers and collaborators

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15
Q

What are some options of ISP connections within home users

A

cable, Asymmetrical digital subscriber lines and wireless WANs

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16
Q

what are some options of ISP connections for businesses

A

Business Symmetrical DSL, leased lines and metro ethernet

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17
Q

What is the converging network and how is it different from the traditional seperate networks

A

Traditional networks had seperate technologies to carry data, telephone and video networks with different standards

Converging networks have the same standards and technology to deliver data, telephone and video networks to multiple devices.

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18
Q

What is the OSI Reference Model

A

List of functions and services of each network layer

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19
Q

OSI layer 1

A

Physical Layer

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20
Q

OSI layer 2

A

Data Link Layer

21
Q

OSI Layer 3

A

Network Layer

22
Q

OSI Layer 4

A

Transport Layer

23
Q

OSI Layer 5

A

Session Layer

24
Q

OSI Layer 6

A

Presentation Layer

25
Q

OSI Layer 7

A

Application Layer

26
Q

TCP/IP protocol model

A
  • The internet model for functions within TCP/IP suite
  1. Application
  2. Transport
  3. Internet
  4. Network Access
27
Q

What is data encapsulation

A

the process of data from top to bottom of the TCP/IP protocol

Data is framed within TCP, IP and Ethernet headers and then de-encapsulated at the receiver

28
Q

What layers are IP address associated with?

A

Layer 2 and 3 (Data link and network)

29
Q

What does the network layer do?

A
  • delivers IP packets from source to destination
  • IPv4 and IPv6 are the main protocols
  • enables IP encapsulation (segment within IP header to form packet)
30
Q

What does the data link layer do?

A
  • Communicates between end device NICs
  • Encapsulates layer 3 packages into layer 2 packages
31
Q

What information does an ARP table hold?

A

The Address Resolution Protocol table holds a list of IPv4 Addresses of devices and their MAC addresses

32
Q

What are the two portions of an IP address

A

Network and Host Portion

33
Q

What does the subnet mask do?

A

It identifies the network portion of the IP address

34
Q

What does a TCP/IP frame hold

A

The frame holds the destination and source names and the source and destination IP Address

35
Q

What is a MAC address

A

Data link addresses are called MAC or media control access addresses which identifies the interface of a device

36
Q

What are the four basic characteristics of Reliable Networks

A
  • Fault Tolerance
  • Scalability
  • QoS (Quality of Service)
  • Security
37
Q

What is Fault Tolerance?

A

Limiting number of affected devices during a failure.
Uses multiple paths to destination (redundancy) and use packet switching to send parts of a message by multiple paths

38
Q

What is Scalability

A
  • expands to support new users and applications
  • existing performance is not affected
  • follow accepted standards and protocols
39
Q

What does the physical layer do?

A
  • Transports bits across network
  • Accepts a layer 2 data link frame and encodes it into local media
  • Re-encapsulates the bits into the frame
40
Q

Bandwidth

A

The capacity at which a medium can carry data

41
Q

Digital Bandwidth

A

The amount of data that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time

42
Q

Throughput

A
  • Measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time
  • Is usually lower than bandwidth
43
Q

Latency

A

The amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one given point to another

44
Q

Goodput

A

The measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time

45
Q

Copper cabling

A
  • Easy to install, inexpensive
  • Longer they travel, weaker they get
  • Signal is susceptible to Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference

metalling shielding, specific cable lengths and twisting pair wires can mitigate issues

46
Q

How does the IP and MAC Address change based on different networks?

A

The destination IP (layer 3) stays the same but layer 2 data link address (MAC) changes from hop to hop

47
Q

Properties of wireless media

A

electromagnetic signals
provides mobility
- issue with coverage area, interference, security
- multiple users results in reduced bandwidth

48
Q

How does a switch build its MAC Address table?

A

Switch dynamically builds the table by examining the source MAC Addresses of the frames received on a port

49
Q

What is neighbour discovery

A

Source host uses a process to determine the destination MAC address from an IPv6 Address

Cisco Networking (2 decks)

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