Theory Flashcards
What is the 5 roles of a bartennder?
-Attentivness
-Accuracy
-Punctuality
-Speed
-Calmness
How to behave as a bartender?
Do’s and Dont’s
Do’s
-look sharp
-keep busy
-work quickly
-have fun
-take pride
Dont’s
-look hangover
-be drunk
-be on your phone
-have long convos with collegues
5 Points of hygiene behind the bar?
-health
-safety
-perception
-efficiency
-CLEAN AS YPU GO
4 reasons to free pour
-speed
-effective planning for orders
-flair
-accuracy
What is the 1%
not wasting any alcohol as it is wasting money
Rules when it comes to flair
-never flair with wet hands
-tape bottles, or use plastic ones
-make sure you have space
- REMEMBER service comes first
- practice outside the bar
8 Techniques to create cocktails
-build
-stir
-shake
-roll
-mix
-blend
-layer
-muddle
Name 15 equipment pieces in the bar
-boston shaker
-muddler
-jigger
-barspoon
-stirring glass
-hawthorn strainer
-julep strainer
-fine strainer
-pour spouts
-juice pourer
-blender
-mixer
-citrus squeezer
yellow
colour codes
lemon juice
green
colour codes
lime juice
black+brown
colour codes
cinnamon syrup
black+white
colour codes
vanilla syrup
Red
colour codes
bloody mary pre batch
red+black
colour codes
cranberry juice
orange
colour codes
orange juice
blue
colour codes
pineapple juice
green+white
colour codes
grapefruit juice
red+white
colour codes
milk half/half
white
colour codes
sugar syrup
What is fermentation?
keeping 3 ingredients at warm tempt:
-sugar
-yeast
-water
after fermentation but before any further refinment, what is that liquid called?
the mash
when alcohol is seperated from water, what is that process called?
distillation
where did the commercial distillation of liqueur began?
arabic part of the world
when did the commercial distillation of liqueuer made its way to Europe?
12th century
what was alcohol used for when it was created?
medical reasons
what spirit does distilled wine produce?
brandy
who were the first ones to refine the process by introducing a second distillation?
the dutch
when did the giant leap for distallation occur?
19th century
who patered and what year the 2 stills using two collums distillation?
aeneas coffey in 1831
what temps does distillation occurs?
78.3 degrees - 100 degrees
what are the 2 distillation process?
pot and column distilation
what does ABV stand for?
alcohol by volume
what 2 coloutries does the story of vodka start with?
poland and russia
who was the first one to put the name vodka on a spirit?
poland
when did the distillation of vodka arrive in russia?
mid 15th century
what dies ZHIZNENNIA VODA mean?
water of life
who and what year was the charcoal filtration discovered?
theodore lowitz in 1780
what did theodore lowits discover?
charcoal filtration
what happened in the 1400’s?
distillation reached Europe
who and when did they bought out the rights to Smirnoff
Rudolf Kenet in 1933
what did Rudolf Kenet do in 1933?
bought out the rights to Smirnoff
what happened in 1939?
smirnoff rights were sold once again to John Martin
what year were the rights to Smirnoff sold again?
1939
what does BRANNVIN translate to?
burt wine
who founded Absolut Vodka?
Lars Olson Smith
what year did Lars Olsen Smith found Absolut Vodka?
1879
before current distillation methods what methods were used to seperate alcohol from water?
vodka
freezing wine
catching vapor in wool
what ways can be used to classify vodka?
-region
-crop
-flavour
does vodka need to be ages?
no
what is the most common crops for producing vodka?
-rye
-wheat
what average % is vodka before dilution?
over 95%
when does the story of gin start?
1570s
what name did the British give the spirit after seeing the Dutch drink it before battle?
Dutch courage
what was the period of social disorder in England at the beginning of the 1700s called?
Gin
The Gin Craze
what was the home made Gin called?
the bathtub gin
what is the most common Gin classification?
London Dry
what is the main natural ingredient in all Gin?
Juniper Berries
which 2 flavours are added to Hendrick’s after didstilation?
-cucumber
-rose petals
what are the 3 production methods of gin?
-cold compounding
-distilled gin
-flavour extraction
name 3 vodka brands
-grey goose
-absolut
-wyborowa
-smirnoff
-zubrowka
-skyy vodka
-ketel one
-finlandia
name 5 gin brands
-aviation
-beefeater
-bombay saphire
-bulldog
-gordon’s gin
-hayman’s
-hendrick’s
-monkey 47
-plymouth dry
-tanqueray
name 3 Dry gins
-tanqueray
-gordon’s gin
-bulldog
-bombay saphire
-beefeater
who brough sugar cane to the carabean?
christofer columbus
what are the 3 most famous coctails originated in Cuba?
-cuba libre
-daiquari
-mojito
what where the people who smugled rum during prohibition called?
rum runners
what is the by-product of sugar refined called?
molasses
what is the evaporation of the spirit during aging called?
angels share
what is rum industrelle made from?
molasses
what is the Brazil’s national spirit?
cachaca
what is rum agricole made from?
sugar cane juice
name 3 rum brands
-havana club
-bacardi
-diplomatico
-captain morgan
-cruzan
-kraken
-sailor jerry
-el dorado
-zacupe
what is the current name for fermented agave juice [aguamiel]?
Pulgue
what did distilled pulgue become known for?
vino de mezcal
who became the first to produce wino de mezcal commercially?
jose cuervo
who was the first to produce tequila using only blue agave?
sauza [cenobio]
where does mezcal come from?
mostly from OAXACA
what are the 5 classifications of 100% agave tequila?
-blanco
-javen
-reposado
-anejo
-extra anejo
what state does most tequila come from?
jalisco
how long does a typical agave take to mature?
7-10 years
name 2 tequila brands
-1800
-DonJulio
-ElJimador
-JoseCuervo
-patron
-sierra
-sauza
-olmace
-herradura
what economic change in the 1800s+1900s caused a shift in the liqueuer market?
reduction in the price of sugar
what were liqueuers originally produced for?
medical reasons
what method of production would produce a clear/transparent liqueuer?
distillation
what are the 4 methods opf production of liqueuer?
-maceration
-infusion
-filtration
-distillation
what are the5 categories of liqueuers, relating to raw ingredients?
-bitters
-herbal
-nutty
-emulsion
-fruity
whre is limenchello from?
italy-sorrano
liqueurs must contain…. of sugar?
at least 100g of sugar per litre
creme de must contain…. of sugar?
at least 250g of sugar per litre
creme de cassis must contain ……of sugar?
at least 400g of sugar per litre
what is the worlds best selling liqueur?
baileys
what are the 5 main steps to brewing beer?
-malting
-mashing
-wort seperation
-wort boiling
-fermentation
older styles of beer like ale and sout will use top or bottom fermentation?
top fermentation
what is the most common grain used for beer?
barley
what flower is added during wort boiling?
hops
what are the 2 categories of wheat beer?
-hafe
-kristal
what beer is usually hand pumped?
bitter
what category generally has strong, happy character?
IPA
what does IPA stand for?
Indian Pale Ale
what category is by far the most popular?
pale lager
what dat eis the earliest record of whisky being produced in Scotland?
1494
what does UISGE BEATHA mean?
water of life
when was single malt scotch whisky marketed for the first time?
1963
2 countries which spell wisky without the e?
-scotland
-canada
-india
what grain is all scotch whisky made from?
barley
what are the 5 steps of whisky production?
-malting
-mashing
-fermentation
-distillation
-aging
what is used to give whisky a smokey flavour?
peat
what is the minimum age of any whisky?
3 years
name 4 brands of scotch whisky
-balviene
-grant’s
-taliskier
-glenfiddich
-monkey shoulder
-glenlivet
-bowmore
what was the name of the act passed in america in 1920?
volstead act
when was the first written refference to whisky featured in the Red Book?
1405
which 2 gains re most american whisky’s made from?
-corn
-rye
what are the 3 classifications of american whisky?
-bourbon
-rye
-tennesee
what process seperated tennesee from bourbon?
the lincoln county process
when was the 18th amendment repealed, to make alcohol legal again?
december 5th 1933
how long did it take for the amendment of whisky to be reapled?
14 years
what part of the grape is used in order to get the red wine colour?
the skin
what is the production of wine called?
vinification
what word describes a vineyards soil and general environment?
terroir
which wine is made by fermenting grapes, half with skin and half with skin off?
rose
what is the main wine producing region in spain?
rioja
why would you decant a young wine?
to aerate it
name 2 examples of fortified wine?
-vermouth
-sherry port
-maideira
what is the main wine producing region in the USA?
california
what is the main 2 region in france for producing wine?
-bordeaux
-burgundy
brandy comes from BRANDEWIJN which literally translates to?
burned wine
whatt significant process did storage and shipping create in the 1600’s?
maturation/aging
EAU DE VIE is used to described what kind of brandy?
unaged
what happened to european vineyard in 1880’s?
plylloxera plague destroyed 85% of vines
what still is used to distil cognac?
alambic charentaise
what does FINE CHAMPAGNE label mean?
all grapes are from GRANDE and PETIT CHAMPAGNE regions
name 2 most important cognac regions
-grande champagne
-peptit champagne
what are the 3 aging categories for cognac?
VS-2 years
VSOP- 4 years
XO- 10 years
name 2 cognac brands
- camus
- delemain
- hine
- applejack
- renault
- pierre ferrand
- martell
