theory Flashcards
theory states that something is true if it corresponds to reality or the actual state
of affairs.
correspondence theory
theory assumes a direct relationship between an idea and reality and the statement can
be taken as fact.
correspondence theory
this theory proposes that something is true if it makes sense when placed a certain situation
or context.
coherence theory
An idea or statement is true because it makes sense in its own context, and that it has a
certain degree of consistency which renders it truthful.
coherence theory
holds the view that something is true if we put it into practice or is useful in life, to prove its validity
pragmatic theory
what do you call faulty
reasoning?
fallacies
8 types pf fallacy
Ad hominem
Appeal to force
Appeal to emotion
Appeal to the popular
Appeal to tradition
Begging the question
Cause and effect
Fallacy of composition
Fallacy of division
Attacking the person making
the argument instead of the
argument itself.
Ad hominem
Using the threat of the force of
an undesirable event to
advance an argument
Appeal to force
Using emotions such as pity or
sympathy
Appeal to emotion
The idea is presented as
acceptable because a lot of
people accept it
Appeal to the popular
The idea is acceptable because
it has been true for a long time
Appeal to tradition
Assuming the thing or idea to
be proven is true; also known as
“circular argument”
Begging the question
Assuming a cause-and-effect
relationship between unrelated
events
Cause and effect
Assuming that what is true for a
part is true for the whole
Fallacy of composition
Assuming that what is true for
the whole is true for its parts
Fallacy of division
are generally established truths,
easily verified,
facts
are more subjective and may express certain views and beliefs
or the personal views of the person presenting it.
opinions
6 types of biases
Correspondence bias or attribution
Confirmation bias
Framing
Hindsight
Conflict of interest
Cultural bias
Tendency to judge a person’s
personality by his or her
actions, without regard for
external factors or influences
Correspondence bias or
attribution
Tendency to look for and
readily accept information
which fits with one’s own
beliefs or views and to reject
ideas or views that go against it
Confirmation bias
Focusing on certain aspect of a
problem while ignoring other
aspects
Framing
The tendency to see past events
as predictable, or to ascribe a
pattern to historical events
Hindsight
A person or group is connected
to or has a vested interest in
the issue being discussed
Conflict of interest
Analyzing an event or issue
based on one’s cultural
standards
Cultural bias
