Theory 1 Flashcards

1
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THEORY 1

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2
Q

GEERT HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY

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3
Q

Author: Geert Hofstede

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a Dutch social psychologist and anthropologist

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4
Q

based on his extensive research on cross-cultural groups and organizations. His work has

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5
Q

significantly influenced the fields of international business

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communication

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6
Q

Key Dimensions:

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7
Q
  1. Power Distance
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8
Q

Definition: The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures the extent to which less powerful members

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9
Q

of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

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10
Q

High Power Distance:

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11
Q

Societies accept hierarchical order without much question.

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12
Q

Examples: Malaysia

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Guatemala

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13
Q

Context: In high power distance cultures

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there is a clear hierarchy

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14
Q

unlikely to challenge authority.

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15
Q

Low Power Distance:

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16
Q

Societies strive for equality and question authority.

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17
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Examples: Austria

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Israel

18
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Context: In low power distance cultures

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power is more evenly distributed

19
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greater emphasis on egalitarianism.

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20
Q
  1. Individualism vs. Collectivism
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21
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Definition: This dimension explores the degree to which people in a society are integrated into

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22
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groups.

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23
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Individualism:

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24
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Societies where ties between individuals are loose

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and everyone looks after themselves and

25
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their immediate family.

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26
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Examples: USA

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Australia

27
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Context: Individualistic cultures value personal freedom

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self-reliance

28
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achievements.

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29
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Collectivism:

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30
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Societies where people are integrated into strong

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cohesive in-groups that protect them in

31
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exchange for loyalty.

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32
Q

Examples: Guatemala

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Ecuador

33
Q

Context: Collectivist cultures emphasize group harmony

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family bonds

34
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group.

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35
Q
  1. Masculinity vs. Femininity
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36
Q

Definition: This dimension looks at the distribution of roles between genders.

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