Theory 1 Flashcards
Most important measures to prevent hospital acquired infection is?
Hand hygiene
Gloving
Using face mask
A. Hand hygiene
Which, among the following is the body‘s first line of defense?
Skin
WBC
neutrophils
Skin
Primary mediator of inflammation is?
Prostaglandins
Histamine/ serotonin / bradykinin / cytokines
Ventricular tachycardia
Histamine / serotonin / bradykinin / cytokines
The first defence against infection is by the?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Which of the following is associated with high risk of infection?
A central venous catheter
Peripheral catheter
Implanted port
A central venous catheter
2 days following a major surgery, which of the following vital signs changes should be considered important by the nurse?
Pulse - 100/mt
BP 160/60 mm/Hg
Temp 38.8 °c
Temp 38.8 °c
The term that indicates relative of the internal environment?
Homeostatis
Isotonicity
Homeostatis
Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation?
Pain
Redness
Coldness
Coldness
Number of stages for pressure ulcers is:
1
3
4
4
Which of the following is not spread by large air droplets:
Diptheria
Pertussis
Measles
Measles
When host is not affected by organism, organism is silent inside the host is called?
Carrier
Colony
Agent
Reservoir
Carrier
Which of the following is the most common complication of tracheostomy?
Occlusion and replacement
Bleeding
Infection
Occlusion and replacement
After surgery, the use of incentive spirometry is?
To Keep the alveoli open and prevent from collapsing
To remove secretion
To Keep the alveoli open and prevent from collapsing
The volume of air that remains in the air passages that do not participate in inspiration or expiration.
Physiological dead space
vital capacity
residual volume
Physiological dead space
Adequate hydration is important for patients with pneumonia as it
Helps to thin and loosen the secretions
Keeps the clients hydrated
Helps to maintain intake and output
Helps to thin and loosen the secretions
COPD is a…
A reversible respiratory condition
A chronic irreversible airway disease
A chronic irreversible airway disease
The amount of air entering and leaving the lungs in each breath
Vital capacity
Tidal volume
Functional residual volume
Tidal volume
Which of the following is not associated with excessive secretions in the respiratory passages?
Trauma to the tracheobronchial tree
Diminish cough reflex
Obstruction of the air passages
Trauma to the tracheobronchial tree
When person confirms pneumonia two weeks after admission to a hospital which he did not had at the time of admission it is?
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Community acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Which instrument is used to measure a client each breath
Pulmonary function test
Stethoscope
Incentive spirometry
Pulmonary function test
A patient receiving 6 L of oxygen by nasal prongs is complaining of nasal irritation
Humidify the oxygen
Use face mask instead of prongs / venturi mask
Ask the patient to sit up in the bed
Use face mask instead of prongs / venturi mask
Which of the following is a side effect of bronchodilator therapy?
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Bradypnea
Tachycardia
When a particle enters the lower lungs, it causes…
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Healthcare associated pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Chronic obstructive disease of air passages where edema, pus formation, and hyperreactivity are present…
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Atelectasis
Asthma
Which of the following is not used as a pain scale?
Verbal description sheets
Numerical pain scale
Glasgow coma scale
Glasgow coma scale
Which is not indicated for a client with increased ICP?
Avoiding Valsalva maneuver
Trendelenburg position
Decrease cranial stimuli
Trendelenburg position
The nurse is evaluating the status of a client who had a craniotomy three days ago. Which assessment finding would indicate that the client is developing meningitis as a complication of a surgery?
A negative Kernig’s sign
A positive Brudzinski sign
A GCS score of 15
A positive Brudzinski sign
A client has clear fluid leaking from the following a basilar skull fracture, which finding would alert the nurse that CSF is present?
Fluid is clear and test negative for glucose
Fluid is grossly bloody in appearance and has a 11 of six
Fluid separates into concentric rings, test positive for glucose
Fluid separates into concentric rings, test positive for glucose
Which is the most sensitive and earliest indication of increasing ICP?
Slowed heart rate
Altered level of consciousness
Headache
Headache
Which of the following is not a sign of neurovascular compromise?
Pain
Pallor
Pus
Pus
The spinal cord extends from?
C- L1
C- L2
C- L3
C-L2
The inability of a client to communicate effectively is called?
Aphasia
Agnosia
Apraxia
Aphasia
Bell’s palsy paralysis of which cranial nerve?
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII
CN VII
The innermost layer of meninges is?
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Pia mater
Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?
Intolerance to heat
Intolerance to cold
Weight loss
Intolerance to cold
Common side effect of opioid analgesics
Respiratory arrest
Constipation
Ptosis
Constipation
A young adult is admitted with acute bacterial meningitis. The nurse maintain accurate intake it output chart. The purpose of this is to?
Prevent cerebral edema
Check for hypovolemia
To prevent dehydration
Prevent cerebral edema
Which is the most common complication of administering TPA for a patient with stroke?
Myocardial infarction
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage
What is the risk factor for administering thrombolytic therapy for a patient with stroke?
Myocardial infarction
History of cerebral hemorrhage
History of cerebral hemorrhage
A pattern develop sudden, atrial fibrillation; the nurse checks the pulse, and will be…
Rapid radial pulse
Irregular radial pulse
Rapid, irregular pulse
Rapid, irregular pulse
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left atrium
Which is a risk factor for hypertension?
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyper natremia
After surgery to decrease the complication of DVT, the nurse should advise the patient to…
Early ambulation
ROM exercises
All of the above
All of the above
Patient is getting warfarin and the nurse finds that INR is 2.5. What action will be taken by the nurse?
Stop warfarin and inform the doctor
Continue warfarin
Administer vitamin K as ordered
Continue warfarin
A nurse is checking the pulse rate of a patient. She gets a pulse rate of 100 bpm and the nurse will record in the client chart as.
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
Tachycardia
The non-invasive method to find the saturation of blood is?
Pulse oximeter
PFT or pulmonary function test
ABG
Pulse oximeter
A major hematological problem in the elderly is?
Hemophilia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
The antidote for warfarin is?
Protamine sulfate
Vitamin K
Naloxone
Vitamin K
Which of these is the least cause of phlebitis?
Bacterial
Viral
Chemical
Viral
Negative pressure drainage cannot be used in patients with which type of wound.
Pressure ulcer
Diabetic wound
Malignant wound
Malignant wound
An elderly patient complains of sudden pain in the center of the chest. What is the nurse appropriate action?
Take an ECG
Echocardiogram
Halter monitoring
Take an ECG
Nurse is watching the cardiac monitor, and the clients rhythm changes. There are no P waves. Instead there are fibrillatory waves before each QRS complex. How should the nurse correctly interpret the clients heart rhythm?
Atrial fibrillation
Sinus bradycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation
A block in the pulmonary artery, or any of its branches cause by a thrombus formed elsewhere in the body is called?
Pulmonary embolus
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolus
Which is a risk factor for administering thrombolytic therapy for patients with stroke?
Myocardial infarction
History of cerebral hemorrhage
History of cerebral hemorrhage
Which of the following is a symptom of cardiogenic shock?
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Hypotension
Which of the following is the most common type of circulatory shock?
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Septic
Cardiogenic
Which of these arteries is not a branch of the left coronary artery?
Left main coronary
Circumflex artery
Posterior descending artery
Posterior descending artery
A patient post myocardial infarction during his of rest is advised to ambulate his lower extremities.
Preventing reoccurrence of myocardial infarction
Prevent DVT
Prevent DVT
When there is decreased cardiac output, what will happen? Immediate response?
Hypertension
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Hypotension
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of chronic gastritis. The nurse monitors the client knowing that this at-risk for which vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin B-12
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin B-12
The healthcare provider has determined that the client with hepatitis has the infection from contaminated food. The nurse understand that their client must likely experiencing what type of hepatitis?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A
Which one is not a postoperative complication of gastrectomy?
Hemorrhage
Constipation
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
Constipation
A patient comes to the hospital with complaints of dizziness and left lower abdominal pain since one week and had two bloody stools. What was the nurse expect the treatment plan of the patient be?
Prescribe analgesics advice to review after one week
Administer IV fluids, and observe the patient
Order CT scan to rule out diverticulitis
Order CT scan to rule out diverticulitis
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client with roses and notes that the ammonia level is elevated. Which diet does the nurse anticipate to be prescribed for this client?
Low protein diet
High protein diet
Moderate fat diet
Low protein diet
Which of the following is an early sign of hypoglycaemia?
Irritability
Restlessness
Confusion
Irritability
Mr. Jean admitted with nausea, vomiting and localized pain and palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. He cannot take a deep breath when the nurse hand is place below costal margin on the right side, which sign does it have.
Murphy’s sign
Cullen’s sign
Turner’s sign
Murphy’s sign
The major health issue with increasing number of obese people is?
Diabetes mellitus
Stress
Depression
Diabetes mellitus
The major reasons for bleeding in a cancer patient is?
Anemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
One of the following is not considered as a cause of cancer.
Diet
Enzymes
Hormones
Enzymes
Which of the following is a route for TPN?
Subclavian vein
Femoral vein
Brachial vein
Subclavian vein
A newborn weighing 3.88 kg is ordered 150ml/kg of fluid per day. How many milliliters of fluid should be given in 24 hours?
5.82 ML.
582 ML
222 ML
582 ML
A Staff nurse is discussing about a clients diagnosis and treatment with other staff during lunchtime. Which principal according to Irish, code of ethics is breached.
Trust and confidentiality
Quality of care
Professional responsibility and accountability
Trust and confidentiality
A nurse accepts a small financial loan from a client which principle is being breeched by the nurse?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Professional responsibility and accountability
A registered nurse is helping a student nurse in providing care to the patient. Which principle is she adhering to?
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Trust and confidentiality
Collaboration with others
A nurse is giving advice for a client who is seeking help for a weight reduction. The nurse also refers the client to a dietitian which principle is being followed by the nurse.
Professional responsibility and accountability
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Collaboration with others
A client is nearly diagnosed with type two diabetes mellitus. The nurse is providing accurate, full and appropriate information to the client regarding the disease which principle is being followed by the nurse?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Trust and confidentiality
Collaboration with others
Trust and confidentiality
The nurse fails to document the caregiving to the client appropriately. Which principle is being breach by the nurse.?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Collaboration with others
A nurse joined for a nursing refreshment program since she was not working for the last six years. Which principle according to the Irish code ethics is following.
Trust and confidentiality
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Quality of care
A research that uses descriptive statements from the patient refers to?
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Action research
Qualitative research
The selected elements (open people or objects), chosen for participation in a research study refers to?
Population
Sample
Variable
Sample
A research that uses numerical values is?
Quantitative research
Mixed method research
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Polyurea is when?
Urine output is less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Urine output is less than 50 ML/KG/HR
Increased urinary output
Increase urinary output
The first line of treatment for prostate cancer is?
Radical prostatectomy
Diarrhea
Androgen ablation therapy or hormone therapy
Androgen ablation therapy or hormone therapy
Cystoscopy is contraindicated during?
Meningitis
UTI
Heart failure
UTI
Which of the following is not a lower urinary track infection?
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Urethritis
Pyelonephritis
Prerenal cause of renal failure is?
Hemorrhage
Calculi
Sepsis
Hemorrhage
The movement of solvent molecule across a membrane in response to a concentration gradient is termed as?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Osmosis
Which is an early sign of dehydration in young in middle age, adult
Thirst
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Thirst
Hyperaldosteronism may result in?
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
Which of the following electrolytes lost in projective vomiting?
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Potassium
Reduced Renal blood flow results from?
Hypovolemic shock
Reduce renal mass
Lower GFR
Hypovolemic shock
Specific gravity of urine in a dehydrated patient is?
1.009.
1.019.
1.039.
1.039.
A patient who underwent a major in neurosurgery developed, diabetic insipidus as a complication. The client will be having.?
Decrease serum, osmolarity, increased urine osmolarity
Decrees serum, osmolarity, decrease urine osmolarity
Increase serum, osmolarity, decreased urine osmolarity
Insipidus
Increase serum, osmolarity, decreased urine osmolarity
A person with burn injury of neck and face brought to the ER. The patient is having excessive, smoky, secretions and difficulty in breathing the nurse first appropriate action be.
Offer him Ice chips smooth in his mouth
Administer oxygen
Administer IV fluids
Administer oxygen
After a below knee amputation, the leg should be placed in which position for the first 24 hours.
Elevate using a pillow
Dressing should be changed 3 to 4 times
The limb should be in dependent position
Elevate using a pillow
Middle ear is made up of three bones. Which one is not present in middle ear?
Malleus
Encus
Organ of Corti
Organ of Corti
After the application of plaster cast for fracture of humerus. The client is complaining of decreased sensation in her fingers. The nurse action should be.
Assess the neurovascular status of the hand
Advice to elevate the hand
Apply hot pack on the plaster test
Assess the neurovascular status of the hand
What is the immediate management of foot on cast?
Elevate the leg
Provide warmth
Keep in independent position
Elevate the leg
The term that indicates relative stability of the internal environment?
Homeostatic
Isotonicity
Homeostatic
Management to prevent DVT
Warfarin
Anti embolism stockings
All of the above
All of the above
The mode of transmission of hepatitis B is?
Parenteral route
Fecal-oral route
Direct contact
Parenteral route
Burning sensation in the mid epigastric area 1 1/2 to 3 hours after meals may indicate?
Oesophageal ulcer
Gastro ulcer
duodenal ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
The most common sign of infection in older client?
Fever
Confusion
Hypotension
Confusion
Insensible fluid loss includes fluid loss from?
Lungs and kidneys
Skin and kidneys
Lungs and skin
Lungs and skin
A client with atrial fibrillation is receiving a continuous heparin infusion at 100 units per hour. The nurse determines that the client is receiving the therapeutic effect based on which result.
Prothrombin time of 12.5 seconds.
APTT time of 60 seconds
APTT time longer than 120 seconds
APPT time of 60 seconds
Following a liver biopsy, a patient should lie on the right side for?
30 minutes
Two hours
Three hours
Three hours
Which organ are most commonly affected by postoperative complication in older adults?
Lungs and kidneys
Lungs and heart
Kidneys and heart
Lungs and heart
Which of the organs control bodies acid-base balance
Lungs and kidneys
Lungs and heart
Kidneys and heart
Lungs and kidneys
Which is the most common mood disorder in the elderly?
Dementia
Depression
Mania
Depression
Teenager who had an open an internal fixation for fracture of the femur. Two days after surgery, she asked the nurse when can I start ambulation? The nurse response, that early ambulation depends upon her…
Physical ability
Mental ability
Emotional ability
All of the above
All of the above
Prolonged vomiting can cause?
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Aisling is an asthma nurse, working in the outpatient respiratory clinic in a Cork hospital. A service user finds her advice and support invaluable to managing his symptoms. He also develops a close rapport with her in the clinic. At home he looks for her on Facebook. He sent her a friend request. As a nurse what would be her appropriate response?
Accept the request
Decline the request
Contact him and tell that it is not possible to accept the request
Search service users profile before accepting the request
Decline request
After expiration, 50 ML of a remains in the lungs. What is it called?
Dead space of air
Vital capacity
Tidal volume
Residual volume
Residual volume
A client with myocardial infarction suddenly becomes tachycardic, shows signs of air, hunger, and begins coughing frothy, pink – think sputum. Which finding would the nurse anticipate when auscultating the clients breath sounds?
Stridor
Crackles
Diminished breath sounds
Crackles
Two days after surgery a newly diagnosed type two diabetic patient is unable to take solid food. The client is seen confused, irritable and anxious. What might be the cause of this?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
A nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin for adverse effect. Which one is not a characteristic of digoxin toxicity?
Tremors
Diarrhea
Blurred vision
Tremors
A nurse is providing safe, competent care to a patient in a compassionate way, which principle is the following?
Professional accountability
Quality of care
Respect and dignity of the person
Collaboration with others
Quality of care
Which of the following is an early sign of hypokalemia?
Agitation
Fatigue
Drowsiness
Fatigue
A client has just had surgery to create an ileostomy. The nurse assesses the clients in the immediate postoperative period for which most frequent complication of this type of surgery.?
Folate deficiency
Malabsorption of fat
Intestinal obstruction
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Identify decorticate posturing
A client flexes, one or both arms on the chest and may extend the legs stiffly
Client stiff leg stance, one or both arms and possibly legs
Client displays no motor response in any of the extremity
A client flexes, one or both arms in the chest, and may extend the legs stiffly
The test used to assess extraocular eye. Movement is.
Confrontation test
Six cardinal gaze test.
Snellen’s vision chart test
Six cardinal gaze test
Which nursing principle is being breech when a staff nurse tweets on shortage of staff in her ward.
Professional accountability
Quality of care
Respect and dignity of the person
Collaboration with the others
Professional accountability
A patient is advised for MRI, which point the nurse should inform the doctor
The patient is unconscious
The patient has pacemaker in situ
The patient is taking food
The patient has pacemaker in situ
What is true about 0.9% NS?
It’s osmolarity is greater than of ECF or extra cellular fluid
It’s osmolarity is equal to ECF contain sodium and water and chloride
It’s osmolarity less than ECF
It’s osmolarity is equal to ECF contains sodium water and chloride
Which of the following condition would result in low serum osmolarity?
Dehydration
Burns
Overhydration
Hypernatremia
Overhydration
How will you speak to a patient with hearing deficits?
Speak loudly
Speak to the posterior
Stand at the side of less impairment and speak
Use a sign language
Stand up a side of less impairment in speak
Which of the following is important in the regulation of blood pressure for clients?
Renin, sodium, ADH, creatinine
Ridden, sodium, ADH, potassium,
Renin, sodium, ADH, aldosterone
Renin, sodium ADH, aldosterone
A nurse manager find served assistant nurses passing sarcastic comments on each other while on duty in the last two days she finds that it is creating work pressure among coworkers. Also, what is the appropriate action by the nurse manager?
Talk with each person separately about their concern
Hold a meeting with the two persons together to discuss the issue
Inform the higher authority
Hold a meeting with the two persons together to discuss the issue
Common cause of postoperative hypoxia in a client is?
Aspiration
Bronchospasm
Atelectasis
Pleuritis
Atelectasis
After a fracture of the right femur, the nurse should advise which of the following to prevent compartment syndrome
Elevate the leg about heart level
Early ambulation
Keep the leg in a neutral position
Elevate the leg about heart level
Abdominal compartment syndrome can because by the following, except…
Sepsis
Hip replacement
Pancreatitis
Coma
Coma
Which of these is not a stress reduction technique
Healthy eating habits
Broad social network
Social classes
Relaxation technique
Healthy eating habits
The nurse is taking informed consent, which element should be considered
The client is able to give consent
The nurse asked if decision to give information to the client
The client is able to take decision
Information is given to the client so that the client can take a decision about the consent
Information is given to the client so that the client can take a decision about the consent
The range of roles, functions, responsibilities, and activities, which a registered nurse is educated, competent, and has authority to perform comprises the?
Ethics and code of nursing
Scope of nursing practice
Principal of nursing practice
Scope of nursing practice
A nurse is providing care to a patient by valuing his personal choices and preferences which principle according to the Irish college of ethics, for nurses is being followed
Professional responsibility and accountability
Respect for the dignity of the person
Trust and confidentiality
Quality of care
Respect for the dignity of the person
Which theory is influence behavior modification of nurses over the years?
Historical theory
Behavior modification theory
Behavior, modification theory
The nurse, endorses the wards and saw a patient lying down on the floor, the nurse will document in the clients chart as…
As I enter the ward, I found the patient lying on the floor
The patient did not use the sidewalk, so he fell down
Patient fell because of sedation
Patient sale because he or she was agitated
As I enter the ward, I found the patient lying on the floor
The member nurse covering lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs is?
Sclera
Pleura
Peritoneum
Pleura
What Pain is experience by the patient with renal stones?
Dull flank pain
Severe sharp pain
Diffused abdominal pain
Severe sharp pain
When changing dressing for a patient two days after hip replacement surgery, the nurse will be least bothered about?
Bloody drainage
Purulent drainage
Serous drainage
Serous drainage
Which statement is true about blood transfusion?
Change the blood transfusion set every six hours
Change the blood transfusion set every 24 hours
Change the blood transfusion set after each transfusion
Change the blood transfusion set after all transfusions are complete
Change the blood transfusion set after each transfusion
Presence of pathogen in a person without causing any host pathogen interaction in the body is?
Reservoir
Infection
Colonization
Colonization
A patient has been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, the nurse is providing clear, correct information about the condition to the client which principle is she following?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Quality of care
Trust and confidentiality
Respect for the dignity of the person
Professional responsibility and accountability
A person from Jehovah’s community is admitted with severe bleeding following a massive accident. physician orders blood transfusion but the patient is not ready for blood transfusion. What would be the most appropriate action by the nurse?
Administer blood, even if client is unwilling
Explain the need for blood transfusion
Inform the physician
Obtain the court order
Inform the physician
Which of the following is a symptom of decreased cardiac output?
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Tachycardia
A nurse is assigned to four patients. Which patient will be the nurse first attend?
Patient with abdominal pain and he scheduled for ultrasound
A patient who needs discharge instructions
A patient with tracheostomy, who is having thick secretions
A patient with tracheostomy, who is having thick secretions
Due to nursing shortage, a nurse from the surgical ward is posted to the medical words. Which patient will the medical nurse assigned to the surgical nurse.
Patient with COPD and have respiratory disease
I diabetic patient who needs a discharge instructions
A patient who just had bronchoscopy
A patient who just had bronchoscopy
The amount of blood pumped by the ventricle with each heartbeat is?
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Afterload
Systemic outputs
Stroke volume
Which vital signs is important in assessing systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
Hypotension or hypertension
Hypothermia or hyperthermia
Oligoria or polyurea
Hypothermia and hyperthermia
Which of the following can result in postoperative respiratory depression?
Thiazide diuretics
Opioid analgesic
NSAIDS
Loop diuretics
Opioid analgesics
What is the criteria for switching IV antibiotic therapy to oral antibiotic therapy?
IV access not available.
Five days post commencement of treatment
Patient able to take food and drinks orally
Five days post commencement of treatment
Adult women is admitted with metabolic acidosis, which set of arterial blood gas should the nurse expect to find in a client with metabolic acidosis.
PH: 7.28 , PCO2: 55, HCO3: 26
PH : 7.50, PCO2: 40, HCO3: 31
PH: 7.48, PCO2: 30, HCO3: 22
PH: 7.30, PCO2: 36, HCO3: 18
PH: 7.30, PCO2: 36, HCO3: 18
In increased ICP, which position is contraindicated
High Fowlers position
Head up to 35 to 45°
Supine position
Heads up to 35 to 45°
Least side effects of opioid analgesics
Hypertension
Constipation
Respiratory depression
Hypertension
Most reliable test for thyroid
TSH
T3 and T4
Serum T3
Thyroid antibodies
TSH
The nurse find a patient had a fall and had a leg fracture. What will the nurse do first?
Call for x-ray immediately
Immobilized before moving patient
Asked patient to mobilized to check for fractures
Immobilized before moving patient
Which pathogen contribute more to septic shock
Bacteria
Fungal
Protozoa
Virus
Bacteria
Trauma, pregnancy, and anticoagulation can cause a risk for?
Aspiration
Pulmonary embolism
Pleuritis
Pulmonary embolism
Hospital acquired pneumonia is caused by?
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Pseudomonas qurognosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumonia
Most important aspect in handwashing?
Soap
Water
Friction
Time
Friction
Which among there is not a prerenal cause for acute kidney infection?
Infection
Hemorrhage
Infection
Nurse in end of life, care, providing care, by polite, compassionate and safe environment, based on which principle?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Trust and confidentiality
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Quality of care
Nurse participate in multidisciplinary meeting and provides professional information about patients under her care. Nurse is providing care according to reach principle?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Collaboration with the others
Quality of care
Collaboration with others
Serum osmolarity is decreased in?
Acute kidney injury
Burns
Meningitis
Head injury
Acute kidney injury
Which condition to be given priority?
Asthma with breathing difficulty
DM for discharge
Patient for antibiotic therapy
SPO2 with 90% in COPD
Asthma with breathing difficulty
When engaging in decision, making regarding patient care, nurses follows which principles?
Best practice
Evidence based practice
Standard based practice
Evidence based practice
Peptic ulcers are thought to be the result of which one of the following?
Genetic defect
Fatty diet
Stress
Helicobacter pylori infection
H. pylori infection
A patient who sustained a head injury, reacts to supra orbital pressure, removing their hand up to the face. How would you record this response?
Flexion
Decerebration
Extension
Localizing
Localizing
Nurses and midwives are professionally responsible and accountable for which of the following?
Their practice, attitudes and actions, including in actions and omissions
Showing high standards are professional behavior
Advocating for patients rights
All of the above
All of the above
The closer or collapse of alveoli is referred to as which of the following?
Atelectasis
Hemothorax
Pleural effusion
Atelectasis
What is the depth of compression while giving CPR?
2.5 CM.
7 CM
10 CM
5 CM
5 CM
What is the CPR ratio for each minute?
30 : 2
40 : 2
30 : 3
40: 3
30 : 2
What is the deficiency of circulatory platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
Sickle cell anemia
Thrombocytopenia
The patient has skin tissue injury on leg and fracture has been ruled out post x-ray which of the action is contraindicated?
Elevate extremities
Cold application
Hot application
Rest
Hot application
Patient have O positive blood group. he can receive?
A or O
AB or A
A or B
O
O
If you notice reaction during a blood transfusion, what will be the immediate action?
Send sample to lab
Stop transfusion
Inform Doctor
Continue transfusion
Stop transfusion
A patient with heart failure is on medication, which findings shows that medication is in effective?
Edema in the legs
Hypertension
Headache
Edema in the legs
An agitated angry patient is at the car with her, what is the nurses appropriate action?
Ask the patient to go to another room
Tell other patients not to speak to the patient
Tell others, you are safe and not to worry
Provide safety for patients and others
Provide safety for patients and others
What is the Sign of improvement of hypovolemia after IV fluid?
Systolic BP, less than <100
Diastolic more than >90
Urine output more than >30 ML per hour
Urine output more than >30 ML per hour
What is the appropriate series for abdominal examination?
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion
Inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
( IAPerPa )
A CNM is newly introducing a clinical device, but the senior staff nurse is reluctant to use it. How can it be managed?
Explain all consequences
Personally, address her concerns
Address the problem in next staff meeting
Inform the line manager
Personally, address her concerns
Color of lids of waste bins for chemo therapeutic drugs?
Purple
Blue
Red
Yellow
Purple
Waste bins gonna be build up to?
2/3rd
3/4th
1/4th
1/2
3/4th
Which colored bag is used for non-risk waste?
Yellow
Clear
Red
Clear
Color of waste bin used for infectious waste?
Yellow
Clear
Red
Yellow
What care should be given to a patient in postoperative care after lung related surgery?
Spirometry
Deep breathing and coughing exercise
Positioning
All of the above
All of the above
Which condition is not related with accumulation of secretions?
Cystic fibrosis
Pneumonia
Asthma
COPD
Asthma
After blood loss, patient have anemia, which does not show?
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Night sweats
Night sweats
A patient recovering from anesthesia after surgery receive a dose of analgesia just prior to being shifted to the ward. Soon after reaching the ward he complaints of pain and request further dose and analgesia. What would the nurse’s appropriate action?
Ask him to wait for next dose
Document the characteristic of pain
Notify the doctor
Give the next dose of analgesia
Notify the doctor
What is the most effective method of removing dental plaque?
Dental flossing
Toothbrushing
Intro dental
Toothbrushing
You are a registered nurse on duty in Saint Monica’s ward. One of your patience, Mr. Murphy’s condition is deteriorating. You are planning to communicate this to his daughter, how will you start the conversation?
Am I speaking to Mr. Murphy’s daughter?
I am a registered nurse calling from Saint Monica ward
I am calling to inform you something serious
Am I speaking to Mr. Murphy’s daughter?
The patient is in end of life, and you want to inform these to the family. How would you start your conversation?
Can you come here quickly but safely.
Can you come quick
No need to come, visiting hours are finish
Can you come here quickly but safely
After many years of hard work, you’ve got your dream job at what level of Maslow hierarchy does this include?
Self actualization
Love in belongingness
Safety needs
Psychological needs
Self actualization
While you assess GCS, patient does not obey commands but flexes his hands. what should be your next action?
Sternal rub
Localizes pain
Supraorbital ridge pressing
Normal flexion
Supraorbital ridge pressing
What is the common type of ulcer in plantar region?
Pressure ulcer
Diabetic ulcer
Arterial ulcer
Venous ulcer
Diabetic ulcer
Digitalis cause hypokalemia. The presenting symptoms of hypokalemia is.?
Fatigue
Constipation
Hematuria
Fatigue
After alcohol withdrawal, which beverage to be restricted?
Coffee
Carbonated drinks
Citrus drinks
Coffee
While accompanying a patient with stroke, a nurse should stand on which side?
Weak side
Good side
Right side
Weak side
Immediate complication of MI after 24 hours?
Ventricular arrhythmia
Pulmonary embolism
Death
Heart failure
Ventricular arrhythmia
Mr. Joanne is dying and you are informing to her daughter. What is the first thing you were going to ask her daughter?
I am calling with bad news
I am calling it. Bad news regarding your mother.
Am I speaking to Jones daughter?
Am I speaking to John’s daughter?
Delusion of grandeur means?
Feeling of importance
Delusion of persecution
Feeling of importance
A person is with dementia talks. But in between he forgets in add imaginary information, what is this condition?
Associative loosening
Confabulation
Flight of ideas
Confabulation
A patient is diagnosed with chronic cancer, says, “ I want to live till the marriage of my granddaughter” according to Elizabeth Kubler Ross grief model, which stage is this?
Anger
Denial
Bargaining
Acceptance
Bargaining
The patient feels a false sensation.
Delusion
Hallucination
Mania
Hallucination
What is the cause of pain in arterial ulcer in natural malleolus is due to?
Edema
Ischemia
Infection
Ischemia
Which is not indicated immediately of the end of seizure activity?
Stay with a patient
Reassure the patient
Check the vital signs
Give a glass of water to drink
Give a glass of water to drink
Which condition is to be given highest priority?
Asthma with breathing difficulty
DM for discharge
Patient an antibiotic therapy
COPD with oxygen saturation of 90%
Asthma with breathing difficulty
A nurse, respects, beliefs, priority, and preference of a patient. Which principal is she following?
Professional responsibility and accountability
Respect the dignity of the person
Quality of practice
Respect the dignity of the person
What is the serious side effect of a opioid analgesics?
Respiratory depression
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Respiratory depression
Prioritize the patient.
Patient with fourth stage pressure ulcer
Tracheostomy with severe secretions
CPAP patient for sputum collection
Patient with abdominal pain
Tracheostomy with severe secretions
Which statement is true about female urethra?
It is straight
Position posterior to vagina
It is short
Position posterior to vagina
One of the patients in the ward develop constipation a side effect of a drug. Which is the drug?
Ferrous fumarate
Furosemide
Atorvastatin
Ferrous fumarate
Whats the correct order of grief cycle
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
(DABDA)
What is the immediate measurement after fracture?
Mobilization
Immobilization
Immobilization
What do you mean by emotional resilience?
Once ability to adapt to stressful situation or crisis
Unable to adapt to stressful situation
Once ability to adapt to stressful situation or crisis
A patient condition can be disclosed to?
Another registered nurse, who is not working in your ward
A student under your supervision
A porter or who knows this patient
Physiotherapy who is consulting next patient
A student under your supervision
Aspergillus belongs to which category?
Bacterial
Virus
Fungus
Parasitic
Fungus
Roundworm belongs to each category?
Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Parasitic
Parasitic
Hepatitis B belongs to each category?
Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Parasitic
Virus
Staphylococcus aureus belongs to which category?
Bacteria
Virus
Parasitic
Fungus
Bacteria
What is the concentration of sodium hypo chloride solution for blood spillage?
1,000 ppm
10,000 ppm
100,000 ppm
10,000 ppm
What is the concentration of sodium hydrochloride solution for body fluids?
1,000 ppm
10,000 ppm
100,000 ppm
1,000 ppm
Soiled linens, is placed in which bag?
Yellow
Red
Orange
Red
RBC’s can be kept for how many days?
52 days
42 days
35 days
42 days
Genetic disorder of anemia?
Aplastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Sickle cell anemia
What anemia, that results when bone marrow fails to generate new blood cells
Aplastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Aplastic anemia
An effective way to gather information on pain
Tell me how you feel now
Did your pain increase while coughing?
Points of exact location of pain
Ask about severity of pain
Tell me how you feel now
Which one is not a symptom of alcohol withdrawal?
Agitation
Anxiety
Delirium
Hunger
Hunger
A client says that he wants to stop smoking. Which stage of change it indicate.
Action
Preparation
Contemplation
Precontemplation
Preparation
Identify the connecting tissue between the bone in a muscle?
Tendon
Ligament
Skin
Cells
Tendon
Which vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
How many stages are in wound healing?
4
5
3
4
What causes an ascites in cirrhosis?
Osmotic pressure
Pressure in portal vein
Bile salt
Formation of albumin
Pressure in portal vein
Dietary fiber diet is a?
Stimulant
Stool softener
Bulk former
Laxative
Bulk former
After a colostomy, a client questions about lifestyle changes. The nurse will refer the client to?
Social worker
Stoma care nurse
Dietitian
Stoma care nurse
Diet for G.I. bleeding patients
NPO
Sips of water
Liquid diet
Soft diet
NPO
According to Maslow’s hierarchy, which is the most priority needs?
Physiological
Safety needs
Loving belongingness
Self-esteem
Physiological
Position for patient who had undergone hip replacement for lower limbs?
Abduction
Adduction
Section
Neutral
Abduction
According to Kubler, stages of grief, death, severe loss and sadness are characterized in which stage?
Depression
Anger
Denial
Acceptance
Depression
Emotional, psychological, spiritual data, collected in which nursing process step?
Implementation
Assessments
Planning
Evaluation
Assessments
Data are collected
A patient undergoing ORIF with drain and sutures in situ after 48 hours what not to expect?
Bloody discharge
Redness
Purulent discharge
Mucus discharge
Purulent discharge
What’s the first management in acute epistaxis?
Head tilt back
Hot application
Pinch the nose
Head down between knees
Pinch the nose
A woman comes to ER after RTA. She’s extremely anxious. What would be the appropriate response from the nurse?
Stay with a patient
Empathy
Silence
Allow the patient expressed her concerns
Allow the patient expressed her concerns
Which, among the following CANNOT be seen in Venous ulcers?
Heavy exudate
Superficial
Gangrene
Pale wound bed
Gangrene
A patient is with ulcer at lateral malleolus having pain is due to?
Infection
Trauma
Ischemia
Edema
Edema
A patient is having amnesia after head injury. Which artery of the brain is affected?
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Carotid artery
Basilar artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Identify the monster grade for normal flexion in GCS
Motor 2
Motor 4
Motor 6
Motor 4
An 85 year old lady admitted with severe ecchymosis bruises in the skin over arms. What may be the reason?
Increase capillary permeability
Elderly abuse
Self inflict
Infection
Elderly abuse
What is NOT found in arterial ulcer?
Deep wound bed
Superficial wound bed
Gangrene
Deep wound bed
Where to begin discharge planning?
At the time of admission
With a patient stable
At the time of discharge
At the time of admission
Which is NOT a characteristic of Venous ulcer?
Heavy thick exudate
Superficial wound bed
Deep wound bed
Deep wound bed
The rules and responsibilities of nurses are influenced by which paradigm?
System model
Developmental Model
Behavioral
Medical
Developmental Model
While educating regarding exercise, the least consideration should be given for?
Age
Race
Gender
Physical ability
Race
What is the causes of TB?
Malnutrition
Poverty
Overcrowding
All of the above
All of the above
Pain on ulcers at medial malleolus is due to?
Ischemia
Infection
Edema
Ischemia
