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Theorists & their Theories Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is Proliferation?
(Gauntlett)

A

products specifically created for niche audiences

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2
Q

What is horizontal integration?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

conglomerates acquires media companies of the same type

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3
Q

What is vertical integration?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

conglomerate control production and distribution of media products

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4
Q

What are hysterical news values?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

sensationalist new content that drives mass market sales

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5
Q

What is mass market news?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

news thats designed to appeal to huge readerships - lacking of analysis

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6
Q

What is media concentration?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

reduction of the number of media organisations that produce products

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7
Q

What is media pluralism?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

healthy balance of products made by different media company types

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8
Q

What is a Public Service Broadcaster?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

PSBs inform, educate and entertain audiences. Not reliant on broadcasting

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9
Q

What is elitist media?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

political and news relationships

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10
Q

What is a neo-marxist approach?

A

media is controlled by elites and middle class editors, shaping public perception and reflecting the interests of the ruling class, rather than the concerns of the working class

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11
Q

What is a free market effect?
(Curran + Seaton)

A

capitalist system where the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers and where regulation is kept to a minimum

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12
Q

What was the Communications Act 2003?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

designed by the Labour government to modernise regulation systems + helped uk television industry become competitive in globalised media industry

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13
Q

What is OFCOM?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

radio + television regulation (+ BBC)

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14
Q

What is ASA?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

print, ambient, radio, tv + internet advertising regulation

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15
Q

What is IPSO?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

voluntary print magazine regulation

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16
Q

What is BBFC?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

uk film + video regulation

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17
Q

What is PEGI?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

games regulation

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18
Q

What is citizen-based regulation?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

encourages media makers to produce content that contributes to the social and cultural health of the societies they operate

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19
Q

What is consumer-based regulation?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

regulatory system in which choices regarding content are largely devoted to audiences. media makers are given freedom

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20
Q

What is Digital Literacy?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

audiences should be adequately informed about online content so they can effectively evaluate the material they are presented with online

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21
Q

What is self-regulation?
(Livingstone + Lunt)

A

regulation decisions are decided by industry practitioners

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22
Q

What is multi-sector integration?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

buying companies across the culture industry allows for cross-promotion opportunities + development of brands

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23
Q

What is Star formatting?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

use of celebrities or ‘stars’ to attract audiences

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24
Q

What is genre-based formatting?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

helps audiences to understand narrative satisfactions that a product can offer

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25
Q

What is Serialisation?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

use of sequels and prequels to maximise audience engagement

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26
Q

What are remakes?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

recycling of material to recapture audience engagement

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27
Q

What is Internationalisation?
(Hesmondhalgh)

A

strategies adopted by media makers to maximise their profits + audience reach using global distribution

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28
Q

What are attentional effects?
(Bandura)

A

media products are likely to produce modelled behaviour becuase of the focus they command

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29
Q

What is Desensitisation?
(Bandura)

A

normalises violent behaviour as a result of repeated exposure

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30
Q

What is Modelised Learning?
(Bandura)

A

we learn new behaviours by watching other people (direct)

31
Q

What is Representational Learning?
(Bandura)

A

watching behaviours on-screen (indirect)

32
Q

What is are Role Model effects?
(Bandura)

A

watching others we hold in high regard can amplify the impact of any modelled behaviours

33
Q

What is Enculturation?
(Gerbner)

A

learning social norms or behaviours by engaging with culture - makes individuals adopt specific attitudes of behaviours

34
Q

What are Homogenised cultural effects?
(Gerbner)

A

television’s reach and lack of diversity makes us think the same things or adopt the same attitude

35
Q

What is Mainstreaming?
(Gerbner)

A

some groups are less likely to be affected by television

36
Q

What is Mean World Syndrome?
(Gerbner)

A

outlook that sees the world to be far more selfish and violent than it actually is

37
Q

What is Middle-of-the-road reportage?
(Gerbner)

A

balanced reporting to foster large-scale audiences and boost advertising revenue

38
Q

What is Resonance?
(Gerbner)

A

amplifying an idea, belief or attitude held by audiences through media consumption

39
Q

What is Stigmatisation?
(Gerbner)

A

demonising groups, individuals or ideas through media representations

40
Q

What is Symbolic Power?
(Gerbner)

A

those who have power in media narratives are legitimised as real-world power resources

41
Q

What is Decoding?
(Hall)

A

how media audiences read the message that producers construct

42
Q

What is a Dominant reading?
(Hall)

A

audiences decode texts in a way that producers intended and they agree

43
Q

What is Encoding?
(Hall)

A

media institutions encode media products to communicate messages to audiences

44
Q

What is Hegemony?
(Hall)

A

set of ideas which dominate in society - social elitest groups

45
Q

What is Misreading?
(Hall)

A

audience fails to correctly decode the message of producers

46
Q

What is a Negotiated reading?
(Hall)

A

audiences both accept and resist the message constructed by producers

47
Q

What is an Oppositional reading?
(Hall)

A

audiences use their individual knowledge, beliefs or experiences to construct a contrary reading

48
Q

What are Situated Logics?
(Hall)

A

refers to knowledge, experience and beliefs that an individual audience member has when decoding a product

49
Q

What are Recontextualisations?
(Jenkins)

A

fan-produced stories that fill in missing scenes or provide backstories to explain character actions

50
Q

What are Expanded Series Timelines?
(Jenkins)

A

imagined sequels for a particular show

51
Q

What are Refocalisations?
(Jenkins)

A

contructed stories that reposition other characters are the protagonists

52
Q

What are Moral Realignments?
(Jenkins)

A

supply antagonists and villains with backstories

53
Q

What are Crossovers?
(Jenkins)

A

stories where characters from one show are placed in others

54
Q

What are Personalisations?
(Jenkins)

A

stories that place amateur authors as central of professional narrative

55
Q

What is Eroticisation?
(Jenkins)

A

fan writers are free to explore erotic dimensions of characters

56
Q

What is Transmedia storytelling?
(Jenkins)

A

products are relayed across multiple platforms

57
Q

How is social media used to drive audience engagement?
(Jenkins)

A
  • preview material release
  • twitter hashtags
  • fan repostings
  • competitions + giveaways
  • crossover events
58
Q

What is Personalisation?
(Jenkins)

A

the internet enables us to consumer media / information that is tailored to our needs + desires

59
Q

What is Democratisation?
(Jenkins)

A

the internet is a space where every voice can be heard

60
Q

What is Minaturisation?
(Jenkins)

A

the internet makes the world a smaller place

61
Q

What is Audience-Producer convergence?
(Jenkins)

A

the coming together of media producers and audiences through digital communications

62
Q

What is Cyber Dystopianism?
(Jenkins)

A

the belief that digital technologies have an adverse effect on society

63
Q

What is Cyber Utopianism?
(Jenkins)

A

the belief that digital media is creating positive social change

64
Q

What is Media democratisation?
(Jenkins)

A

media power is in the hands of ordinary people

65
Q

What is Fan Labour?
(Jenkins)

A

work done by fans to distribute media for larger companies

66
Q

What is Participatory culture?
(Jenkins)

A

use of DIY media by audiences. shares information.

67
Q

What is Textual poaching?
(Jenkins)

A

appropriating media products for purposes that were not originally intended

68
Q

What is Web 2.0?
(Jenkins)

A

commercial activities of the web

69
Q

What is Broadcast media?
(Shirky)

A

tv, radio, newspapers - one way relationship

70
Q

What is Communication media?
(Shirky)

A

telephones and faxes - two way relationship

71
Q

What is Digital communications convergence?
(Shirky)

A

technologies have merged broadcast and communications.

72
Q

What is Gatekeeping?
(Shirky)

A

limiting access to information

73
Q

What is mass amateurisation?
(Shirky)

A

use of media by everyday audiences

74
Q

What is second screening?
(Shirky)

A

viewing traditional media whilst also engaging on another device

media theory (4 decks)

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