Theorists Flashcards
psychodynamic theory
- psychoanalysis
- individual psychology
- Jungian
- Neo-Freudian
- Attachment
psychoanalysis
- Frued
- unconscious drives bx
- drives related to reproduction or aggression
- psychosexual development
- free association & dream analysis
freud’s structure of personality
- id: pleasure principle
- ego: reality principle
- superego: internalized parent
Ego defense mechanisms
- repression- unconscious blocking
- regression- earlier stage of development
- displacemtn- redierecting thoughts from unsafe person to safe person
- projection- misatribution of own thoughts/ feelings onto another person
- rationalization- convincing that action was reasonable
- compensaion/ sublimation- channeling unacceptable impulses into more acceptable ones
- denial-rejections of thoughts, feelings
- intellectalization- avoid feeling emotions
- reaction formation- convertng unwanted thoughts int their opposites
Neo-Freudian Model:
Ego Psychology
Hartmann, Anna Freud, Jacobson, Mahler
-Ego can develop maturity and autonomy in healthy environemnts
Neo-Freudian Model:
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Harry Stack Sullivan
Problematic interpersonal relationships lead to mental disorders
focuses on ct interactional patterns and not on past relationships
Neo-Freudian Model:
Object Relations
Kernberg, Winnicott, Mahler, Melanie Klein
How babies interact with ppl (objects) in their environemtn
splitting (blck/white thinking)
Neo-Freudian Model:
Self- psychology
Kohut
Problems result from unsatisfied needs. Therepaist empathy is more important than interpretation.
Jungian
Carl Jung
-person individuates (becomes own person) as they age
-spirituality and culture are important to development
-archetypes
-holistic (ppl lose touch with parts of self as they age)
-personality types (introversion-extroversion, thinking-feeling)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator based on this theory
-Techniques:
*Amplification: comparison of dreams to archetypes, literature, art, folklore
*Active Imagination: talk to character in dreams
Jung’s personality structure
self
Anima/ Animus (female/masculine)
Shadow (unacceptable impulses)
Persona (public image)
Jung’s Archetypes
hero, child, wise old man, earth mother, demon, god, snake
Individual Psychology
Adler
- healthy ppl have social interest and compassion, ppl strive for growth
- inferioirtiy and compensation through superiority complex
- lifestyle (personal narrative)
- Techniques:
- Lifestlye analysis & early recognitions
- asking as-if, slitting in the group
- encouragement
- asking the questions
Adler’s lifestyle
encouragement l—> superiority/ inferiority
order:
encouragement–>confidence, self-efficacy—-> learned hardiness (keep trying) –> achievement identity
OR
discouragement—> self-doubt, inefficacy—>learned helplessness (stop trying)—> failure identity
Adler’s basic mistakes
over-generalizations
misperceptions of life and life’s demands
denial of one’s worth
faulty values
Adler’s birth order
- oldest- leader of family, most independent, take over authority for parents
- middle-compete with oldest, more relaxed, seeks parental attn, best able to adapt
- youngest-spoiled, use of humor
- single child-most familiar with adult interactions, may lack social skills
Cognitive-behavioral theories
Pavlov's classical conditions exposure systematic desensitization EMDR prolonged exposure
skinners opearant conditioning
behavior modification
applied bx analysis
banduras selfefficacy
cognitive
rational emotive
mindfulness (DBT, ACT)
Behavioral
-Skinner, Bandura, Wolpe
-focus is on observable behavioral events and helping clients change
reinforcement & shaping (operant conditioning)
-extinction, extinction burst, spontaneous recovery
-3 terms contingency: antecedent –>bx–>consequence
-Techniques: token economy, bx rehearsal (roleplaying), systematic desensitization, flooding, exposure hierarchy
EMDR
Shapiro
Exposure Protocol: relaxation training–>discuss trauma–>process reaction
uses bilateral stimulation to facilitate adaptive information processing (AIP)
cognitive
beck, ellis, meichenbaum
core ideas:
-ppl disturbed by the view of things not by the things themselves
-automatic thoughts v schematic thoughts (beck)
-cognitive distortions (ellis)
cognitive triad (beck)
techniques:
- socratic questionsing (beck) and disputation (ellis)
- aciton planning, hw, directives
- thought stopping
- guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation
- psyched
- stress inoculation training (meichenbaum’s cognitiv-bc modification)
Ellis’ ABC Model
Activating Event--> beliefs--> Consequences--> Disputation of IBs--> Effective new beliefs and ocnsequensces-->
Reality therapy
Glasser
- we have control over our bx
- sometimes actions are incongruent with our goals.needs
techniques:
- compare action to goals using WDEP system (Wubbolding)
- wants, direction and doing, evaluation, planning
Existential-humanistic theories
existentialism persona centered-MI Gestalt Existential Reality
Existential Therapy
Frankl, May, Yalom
Existential issues=freedom, isolation, meaninglessness, death
-free will, self-determination, responsibility
logoherapy- Frankl- making -meaning
-May- studied anxiety - Yerkes-Dodson Law: little anxety is ok, too little=apathy, to much=freezing)
-problems: loneliness and isolation
technique= making meaning
person-centered
Rogers, Carkhuff
- unconditional positive regard, accurate empathic understanding, genuineness congruence
- achieve self-actualization (Maslows hierarchy)
- conditions of worth–>incongruence
- avoid ?s and advice giving
Techniques:
- reflection of content, feeling, meaning
- demonstration of empathy
- radical acceptance, prizing
