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CPCE > Theorists > Flashcards

Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

psychodynamic theory

A
  • psychoanalysis
  • individual psychology
  • Jungian
  • Neo-Freudian
  • Attachment
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2
Q

psychoanalysis

A
  • Frued
  • unconscious drives bx
  • drives related to reproduction or aggression
  • psychosexual development
  • free association & dream analysis
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3
Q

freud’s structure of personality

A
  • id: pleasure principle
  • ego: reality principle
  • superego: internalized parent
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4
Q

Ego defense mechanisms

A
  • repression- unconscious blocking
  • regression- earlier stage of development
  • displacemtn- redierecting thoughts from unsafe person to safe person
  • projection- misatribution of own thoughts/ feelings onto another person
  • rationalization- convincing that action was reasonable
  • compensaion/ sublimation- channeling unacceptable impulses into more acceptable ones
  • denial-rejections of thoughts, feelings
  • intellectalization- avoid feeling emotions
  • reaction formation- convertng unwanted thoughts int their opposites
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5
Q

Neo-Freudian Model:

Ego Psychology

A

Hartmann, Anna Freud, Jacobson, Mahler

-Ego can develop maturity and autonomy in healthy environemnts

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6
Q

Neo-Freudian Model:

Interpersonal psychotherapy

A

Harry Stack Sullivan
Problematic interpersonal relationships lead to mental disorders

focuses on ct interactional patterns and not on past relationships

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7
Q

Neo-Freudian Model:

Object Relations

A

Kernberg, Winnicott, Mahler, Melanie Klein

How babies interact with ppl (objects) in their environemtn

splitting (blck/white thinking)

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8
Q

Neo-Freudian Model:

Self- psychology

A

Kohut

Problems result from unsatisfied needs. Therepaist empathy is more important than interpretation.

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9
Q

Jungian

A

Carl Jung
-person individuates (becomes own person) as they age
-spirituality and culture are important to development
-archetypes
-holistic (ppl lose touch with parts of self as they age)
-personality types (introversion-extroversion, thinking-feeling)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator based on this theory
-Techniques:
*Amplification: comparison of dreams to archetypes, literature, art, folklore
*Active Imagination: talk to character in dreams

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10
Q

Jung’s personality structure

A

self
Anima/ Animus (female/masculine)
Shadow (unacceptable impulses)
Persona (public image)

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11
Q

Jung’s Archetypes

A

hero, child, wise old man, earth mother, demon, god, snake

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12
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Adler

  • healthy ppl have social interest and compassion, ppl strive for growth
  • inferioirtiy and compensation through superiority complex
  • lifestyle (personal narrative)
  • Techniques:
  • Lifestlye analysis & early recognitions
  • asking as-if, slitting in the group
  • encouragement
  • asking the questions
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13
Q

Adler’s lifestyle

A

encouragement l—> superiority/ inferiority

order:
encouragement–>confidence, self-efficacy—-> learned hardiness (keep trying) –> achievement identity

OR
discouragement—> self-doubt, inefficacy—>learned helplessness (stop trying)—> failure identity

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14
Q

Adler’s basic mistakes

A

over-generalizations
misperceptions of life and life’s demands
denial of one’s worth
faulty values

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15
Q

Adler’s birth order

A
  • oldest- leader of family, most independent, take over authority for parents
  • middle-compete with oldest, more relaxed, seeks parental attn, best able to adapt
  • youngest-spoiled, use of humor
  • single child-most familiar with adult interactions, may lack social skills
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16
Q

Cognitive-behavioral theories

A 
Pavlov's classical conditions
exposure
systematic desensitization
EMDR
prolonged exposure

skinners opearant conditioning
behavior modification
applied bx analysis

banduras selfefficacy
cognitive
rational emotive
mindfulness (DBT, ACT)

17
Q

Behavioral

A

-Skinner, Bandura, Wolpe
-focus is on observable behavioral events and helping clients change
reinforcement & shaping (operant conditioning)
-extinction, extinction burst, spontaneous recovery
-3 terms contingency: antecedent –>bx–>consequence
-Techniques: token economy, bx rehearsal (roleplaying), systematic desensitization, flooding, exposure hierarchy

18
Q

EMDR

A

Shapiro

Exposure Protocol: relaxation training–>discuss trauma–>process reaction

uses bilateral stimulation to facilitate adaptive information processing (AIP)

19
Q

cognitive

A

beck, ellis, meichenbaum

core ideas:
-ppl disturbed by the view of things not by the things themselves
-automatic thoughts v schematic thoughts (beck)
-cognitive distortions (ellis)
cognitive triad (beck)

techniques:

  • socratic questionsing (beck) and disputation (ellis)
  • aciton planning, hw, directives
  • thought stopping
  • guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation
  • psyched
  • stress inoculation training (meichenbaum’s cognitiv-bc modification)
20
Q

Ellis’ ABC Model

A 
Activating Event-->
beliefs-->
Consequences-->
Disputation of IBs-->
Effective new beliefs and ocnsequensces-->
21
Q

Reality therapy

A

Glasser

  • we have control over our bx
  • sometimes actions are incongruent with our goals.needs

techniques:

  • compare action to goals using WDEP system (Wubbolding)
  • wants, direction and doing, evaluation, planning
22
Q

Existential-humanistic theories

A 
existentialism
persona centered-MI
Gestalt
Existential
Reality
23
Q

Existential Therapy

A

Frankl, May, Yalom

Existential issues=freedom, isolation, meaninglessness, death

-free will, self-determination, responsibility
logoherapy- Frankl- making -meaning
-May- studied anxiety - Yerkes-Dodson Law: little anxety is ok, too little=apathy, to much=freezing)
-problems: loneliness and isolation

technique= making meaning

24
Q

person-centered

A

Rogers, Carkhuff

  • unconditional positive regard, accurate empathic understanding, genuineness congruence
  • achieve self-actualization (Maslows hierarchy)
  • conditions of worth–>incongruence
  • avoid ?s and advice giving

Techniques:

  • reflection of content, feeling, meaning
  • demonstration of empathy
  • radical acceptance, prizing
25
Q

Gestalt

A 
Fritz and Laura Perls
-mind/ body work together
-unfinshed business= dysfunctipn
contact boundary
avoid ?s and advice giving

techniques:
experiments, here-&-now, empty chair, psychodrama, I-statements

26
Q

Constructivist theories

A 
constructivism
feminism
relational-cultural
solution-focused
narrative
27
Q

Narrative therapy

A

white, epson

  • self narrative–> self-identity
  • change “problem-saturated stories”
  • reauthor dominant cultural narratives
  • thin description= imposed by others, think description= self-interpretation

techniques:
externalizing the problem, seek unique outcomes, expert witness, therapeutic letters

28
Q

solution-focused

A

kim berg, deShazer

  • ppl have answers to own problems
  • brief
  • visitor (not ready to change) vs. complaintant (knows problem but not ready to take action) vs customer (ready to take action)
  • change is happening b4 client arrives @1st session

techniques:
exception ?s, miracle ?, scaling ?s, reflection teams

29
Q

Relational-Cultural Theory

A

Jean-Baker Miller, Judith Jordan

  • “The person is political” gender roled, power dynamics in relationships and social/ political environment are responsible for many prbs we face
  • identify social forces that have dimished cts sense of power
  • nonconforming thoughts, values, and actions are not seen as patholgical
  • encourage ct to retake power, authority, and direction
  • facilitate deep intimate rlationshiops (mutality characterizes maturity)
  • self-esteem is based onthe degree to which a person meets gender conforming expectations/ stereotypes

techniques:
ommunication training, social action, conscious raisning, shared power bt counselor and ct (egalitarian)

30
Q

systemic

A 
circular causality (A causes B, B causes A)
family rules
homeostasis
open/ closed boundaries
1st & 2nd order change

technique: family sculpting

different system theroires:
-BOwen
_Whittaker’s experiential family therapy
-virginia satir’s human validation process model (communication)

31
Q

systemic theory: Bowen

A 
Differentiation vs enmeshment
multigenerational transmission process
emotional cutoff
genegram analysis
triangulation
32
Q

systemic theory: Strategic

A

Jay HAley, MRI

  • paradoxical intention, prescribing the symptoms
  • directives
  • ordeal
33
Q

systemic theory: Milan Model

A
  • circular questioning
  • hypothesizing
  • Neutrality
  • Ritual Prescriptions
34
Q

systemic theory: strcutural

A

Minuchin

  • probs are caused by faulty organizations
  • emphasizes hierarchy, complimentary roles
  • assesses alignments, power, coalitions
  • create structural maps
  • restructing and unbalancing
35
Q

cognitive behavioral theories

Gottman

A
  • 4 horseman of dispair- criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling (shutting down not addressing conflict)
  • contempt= most predictive of divorce
36
Q

multimodal therapy

A

Lazarus

  • technical eclecticism, using approach that best fits ct (bridging)
  • BASIC ID: behavior, affect, sensations, imagery, cognitions, interpersonal relationships, drugs/biology/nutrition/exercise
37
Q

transactional analysis

A

Berne

  • parent-adult-child ego states
  • famous books: “Gmaes ppl PLay”
  • “I’m Ok, you’re Ok” (Harris)

CPCE (2 decks)

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