theorists Flashcards
ROLAND BARTHES
bath - can be filled to a CONNOTATIVE level or a DENOTATIVE level. and also created ENIGMA codes
BELL HOOKS
hooked onto FEMINISM
the struggle to end patriarchal oppression
race and class also determines whether individuals are discriminated against
TZVETAN TODOROV
double T meaning its equal - EQUILIBRIUM
LIESBET VAN ZOONEN
men and women are portrayed different;y in the media - objectification of women
hegemony
ABRAHAM MASLOW
stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs
JUDITH BUTLER
judith-female butler-man
masculine and feminine not inherent
gender roles are constructed by society
gender is performative- it will exist once people refuse to perform the gender script
BLUMER AND KATZ
uses and gratifications theory what people do with media as opposed to what media does to people
inform+educate,personal identity, entertainment and social interaction
CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS
dash– the conflict between binary oppositions drives forward the narrative
STUART HALL
hall full of people -preferred oppositional negotiated
media texts are encoded by creators and decoded by the audience
active audience - take texts differently- preferred, negotiated and oppositional.
Also depends on your cultural background
STEVE NEALE
repetition and difference
films conform to the stereotypes of the genre however subvert convention to ensure uniqueness to maintain audiences attention and profit
ALBERT BANDURA
people can acquire attitudes and emotional responses due to watching media products.
if an audience sees aggressive behaviour they’re likely to mimic it
1961-bobo doll experiment
ANTONIO GRAMSCI
hegemony
TESSA PERKINS
truth about stereotyping
LAURA MULVEY
male gaze women in the media are viewed from the eyes of a heterosexual man
VLADAMIR PROPP
literary critic and a scholar who said that certain types of characters were used in every narrative structure- hero princess villain etc…
GEORGE GERBNER
G G
The more we see the same representation and messages the more we believe they are true
DAVID GAUNTLETT
Building your own sense of identity
Audiences choose the products they want to engage with based on their own interests and desires
ALVARADO
4 key themes in racial representation
EXOTIC-sex symbols, transparent clothing, sometimes Latin Americans
DANGEROUS-abuse, black males, gangs, rap music and violence
HUMEROUS-use of animation and cartoon characters, Simpsons, particular jokes against race, black Americans
PITIED-raise awareness of Africans, young children in need, persuasive, sadness
PAUL GILROY
Culture has been an attempt too often to try explain the difference rather than the unity between people
HENRY JENKINS
fandom-Shared enjoyment of an aspect of a particular culture
fans steal popular media ideas and recreate them in ways for their own uses
fans “active producers and manipulators of meaning”
]social activity
CURRAN AND SEATON
Conglomerates(lots of little companies ran by one corporation) are driven by logic and power.
DAVID HESMONDHALGH
Cultural industry companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through
vertical integration-Apple-companies that own all or most of the chain of production or distribution of their products
horizontal integration-Red bubble-lots of companies owned by a single owner-sell other peoples things
LIVINGSTON AND LUNT
Struggle between trying to further interests of citizens(like protection of harmful material) and need to further interests of consumers too (like choice and value for money)
there is an increasing power of global media corporations
regulation is at risk
