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Sociology Unit 1 > Theorists > Flashcards

Theorists Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stuart Hall

A

People express themselves through language.
Shared meanings in a culture.

Every nation is mades up of shared stories (WW2)

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2
Q

Clyde Kluckhohn

A

Common lifestyles and behaviour in a community (customs and rituals create social cohesion)

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3
Q

Karl Marx

A

Ruling class exploit the Working Class

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4
Q

Diane Reay

A

Middle Class and Working Class Mothers. M/c had time and energy to work with their children and the school, w/c were the opposite.

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5
Q

Frank Furedi

A

Role of parents now seen as ‘protecting their child from dangers’ (paranoid parenting)

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6
Q

Christine Skelton

A

The school attempted to maintain control by relying on firm measures, which ironically reflected the ‘tough’ values that the children first relied upon

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7
Q

Adler and Adler

A

Children felt good when they had friends, but being isolated caused a reversed effect

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8
Q

Charlotte Butler

A

Teenage Muslims showed that the girls were firmly committed to Muslim identity but modified it to suit British culture.

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9
Q

Waddington

A

Canteen culture study on Policemen found that spending time with work pals helped them to deal with their job…heroic identities and macho emphasis were praised

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10
Q

Susan Blackmore

A

Inner self is the ‘real you’, that has deep emotions like falling in love.

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11
Q

Cecil

A

Protestants and Catholics, religion was a way of separating ‘us’ from ‘them’

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12
Q

George Mead

A

Basic feature is our possession of self or our identity, seeing ourselves at a young age of being a separate existence. Language helps us understand ourselves

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13
Q

Charles Cooley

A

Looking glass self, we see ourselves in the attitudes people have towards us (e.g. New haircut)

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14
Q

Goffman

A

We deliberately arrange appearance or change behaviour to make a public statement.

Spoiled identity in disability.

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15
Q

Hobsbawn (PoMo)

A

Our identity is like ‘shirts’ we choose to wear rather than the ‘skin’ we are born with

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16
Q

Ulrick Beck (PoMo)

A

People have freedom to select and construct their own identities and lifestyles.

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17
Q

Anthony Giddens

A

People are more likely to reflect on their own identity, turning it into a project to work on

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18
Q

Bauman

A

Collapse of traditional communities led people to search for other sources of meaning (e.g. Collective identity)

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19
Q

Pearson

A

Long history of seeing youth as ‘trouble’, viewing them as terms of social breakdown and moral decline.

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20
Q

Jefferson

A

‘Conflict’ explanation.

Mainly through subculture styles that youths expressed their protest; resistance through rituals

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21
Q

Polhemus

A

‘Supermarket of style’

Lifestyles based on individual taste.

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22
Q

Berger

A

Youthfulness is a set of personal qualities, meaning anyone can be youthful. (E.g. Spontaneous, energetic…)

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23
Q

Featherstone and Hepworth

A

Olde people are forced to wear ‘Mask of Old Age’, agist stereotypes.

24
Q

Paul Gilroy

A

No one black culture, all have common themes that run through (e.g. Awareness to slavery)

25
Q

Clare Alexander

A

‘Art of being Black’. Dress, music and even communication made them recognisable as being ‘black’

26
Q

Roger Hewitt

A

Deprived w/c areas fair unfairness as their culture was not celebrated.

27
Q

Modood

A

A/c culture contained continuing influence of Caribbean traditions. Changing generations

28
Q

Roger Ballard

A

Asian children at home adopted Asian culture, outside it become mainstream lifestyles.

29
Q

Mirza

A

Although young Muslims integrate into society, they are more conscious than their parents of their difference

30
Q

Les Black

A

Hybrid identities emerged to help try out new cultures, meanings and symbols through transitional stage (teen). Blurred the lines between race

31
Q

Bowie

A

Wales viewed as broad stereotypes, however Wales has major cultural differences.

32
Q

Billig

A

Nationalism is everywhere. (E.g. Weather reports, sports)

33
Q

Dowds and Young

A

Eng, Scots and Welsh connected to British identity.

34
Q

Ritzer

A

McDonaldisation

35
Q

Giulianotti and Robertson

A

Scots who emigrated to USA held many ‘local’ Scot. traditions, and also adapted to ‘global’ situation.

36
Q

Lees

A

Double standards for woman. Sexual promiscuity gained a man credit whereas woman are referred as ‘slags’.

Female teens found pressure to look right, that appearance is crucial to identity.

37
Q

Steven Goldberg

A

‘Dominance tendency’ in males leads them to occupy top roles. (Biological argument)

38
Q

Margaret Mead

A

Three New Guinea Tribes. One tribe both were caring. Another tribe both sexes showed masculine ideals. Other tribe woman made sexual advances, makes waited.

39
Q

Ann Oakley

A

Manipulate children from early age into sex identity. (Boys boisterous and girls sweet)

40
Q

Connell

A

Young men put under pressure to be strong and emotionless, so soon hide any ‘girly’ signs or kindness

41
Q

Emma Renold

A

Hegemonic masculinity, alternative masc. such as gentle and academic learn that they will get teased for conflicting original identity. (Swots study)

42
Q

Abbott

A

Hegemonic Masculinity. Men taking interest in appearance, express themselves this way.

43
Q

Mac an Ghaill

A

‘Crisis of masc.’. Traditional masc. roles are dying out due to machines, now need to compete in woman roles (e.g. Office jobs). Leading to turning to crime or adopting new identities

44
Q

Wilkinson

A

Values of the young generation are equality of the sexes through adopting the same tendencies (masc. and fem.)

45
Q

Bourdieu

A

Social classes have their own culture (e.g. Diff. music taste, food, clothes…)

46
Q

Willmott and Young

A

1950s id. of w/c. Male breadwinners, class identity/consciousness.

47
Q

Murray (New Right)

A

Poverty and unemployment sufferers. They pass their values of laziness from one generation to the next.

48
Q

Peter Saunders

A

Due to lack of a job and endlessly staring at TVs, the unemployed soon become unemployable.

49
Q

Savage

A

Class is still important to people’s lives, but at the same time they seemed to have weakened. The recognise it’s importance but generally hesitate when identifying themselves as a class

50
Q

Woman’s Sport and Fitness Foundation

A

Young woman discouraged from sport as it’s seen as ‘unfeminine’.

51
Q

Alan Warde

A

Participation sports higher among young people. However, choice of sport was not strongly class based, except a few m/c

52
Q

Stanley Parker

A

Some may adopt leisure based on work. One hand; contrast work (fisherman get drunk.). Other hand; some may use leisure for work (e.g. Department golfing day)

53
Q

Kenneth Roberts

A

4 types of leisure:
Class; Marx. argue ruling class control w/c leisure
Mass; poor quality of pop culture (passive consumers)
Pluralist; leisure used for creating lifestyles and id.
PoMo; seek choice and diversity

54
Q

Boyle

A

New media allows greater accessibility and choice to users

55
Q

Curtice and Norris

A

Unlikely that the Internet changes social lives. People use Internet based on existing skills, e.g. keen users on sites are sociable people irl.

56
Q

Featherstone

A

Consumer models:
Radical; (Marx.) driven by Capitalism.
Sociological; consumption is a way of creating social distinctions.
PoMo; lifestyles are no longer determined by class or occupation, but shaped by our consumer choices (Supermarket of Style)

57
Q

Norbert Elias

A

Changing attitudes towards the body through the centuries. Sixteenth century: body functions accepted, now: shamed

Sociology Unit 1 (2 decks)

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