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Media > Theorists > Flashcards

Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

Stuart Hall - reception theory

A

3 types of audience views:
-preferred
-negotiated
-oppositional

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2
Q

Stuart Hall - representation theory

A

Representation is the production of meaning through language.
Concepts and signs are governed by codes.
Stereotyping reduces people down to a few simple characteristics. It occurs when there are inequalities of power

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3
Q

Gerbner- cultivation theory

A

media exposure cultivates audience’s perception of reality over time, and an audience’s world view will start to reflect what they repeatedly see

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4
Q

Uses and gratification theory

A

Reasons to consume media:
Entertainment
Social interaction
Escapism
Personal identity
Information and education

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5
Q

Barthes semitotic codes

A

The media constructs meaning through denotation and connotation:
Enigma
Semantic
Symbolic
Action
Referential

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6
Q

Gauntlett- identity theory

A

The media provide us with tools to construct our identity based on representations in the media

Audiences pick and choose the media they use to build their identity’Pick and mix’

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7
Q

Van Zoonen- feminist theory

A

Male dominance is reinforced by using representations of masculinity

The dominant western view positions women as an ‘erotic spectacle’

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8
Q

Levi-Strauss- structuralism

A
  • texts are understood through their underlying meaning
  • meaning is dependent upon pairs of oppositions
  • the way these binary oppositions are understood can create meaning
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9
Q

Bell hooks- femenist theory

A

Feminism is the struggle to end patriarchal views.
white, upperclass men dominate the media so their values are the ones we see

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10
Q

Curren and seaton- powerful industry theory

A

Media is controlled by a small number of powerful companies driven by profit and power
They limit creativity
If it there were more diverse ownership, media would be more creative

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11
Q

Livingstone and Lunt- regulation theory

A

There is a struggle to regulate the media because of technological advances.
The balance between choice and protection is difficult

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12
Q

Henry Jenkins- Fandom theory

A

Fran are active participants in the construction and circulation of meanings.
Fans interpret media texts in their own ways (textual poaching)
They create their own identity by using media texts

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13
Q

Clay Shirky- end of audience

A

No such thing as a passive audience as they can now speak back (active audience)

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14
Q

David Hesmonhalgh- cultural industries

A

Industries try to minimise risk and maximise audiences
There isn’t much creativity because companies stick to trialled and tested formulas

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15
Q

Steve Neale- genre theory

A

Genres create pleasure through repetition and difference
It’s important as it helps market the product

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16
Q

Judith Butler- Gender performativity

A

Gender is a performance and a social construct.

What we see as masculine and feminine have been created as a social construct, it could be changed if we want.

Heteronormativity is entrenched in society non-heteronormative identities are marginalised

17
Q

Craig

A

Gay people are stereotyped as having amusing or negative traits (camp, macho, deviant)

18
Q

Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment

A

The media can implant ideas into the audience.
Children’s behaviour was more agressive after watching an adult act aggressively towards the doll
They replicated the behaviour

19
Q

Charlton - study of aggression

A

Observed children on an island who had no tv.
Found they’re not violent because they learnt their behaviour off of parents
After two years of implementing aggressive tv there was no change in behaviour

20
Q

Jean Baudrillard - post modernism

A

We live in a postmodern age marked by a massive increase in media content which makes it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is fake

21
Q

Todorov - Narratology

A

Narratives follow expected patterns-
Equilibrium
Disequilibrium
New equilibrium

22
Q

Gilroy- post colonial theory

A

Black communities are constructed as ‘other’ to white culture and are associated with criminal activity.

Media products construct fear with the idea that Europeans and Muslims are incompatible

23
Q

Young and Rubicans 4C

A

Reformers
Explorers
Aspires
Succeeders
Resigned
Strugglers
Mainstreamers

24
Q

Gerbner LGBT

A

Argues LGBTQ+ are still underrepresented in the mainstream media, but things are slowly changing for the better

25
Q

Richard dyer star theory

A
26
Q

Gerbner cultivation theory

A

Over time repeated viewing of media products shape audiences attitudes and perceptions of the world

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