theorists

Question 1

MEDIA LANG

Barthes -semiotics theory

Answer 1

all elements of a media text are codes that need to be read. these can all be understoon as the thing they arre (denotative level) and the responses they create (connotative level).

Question 2

MEDIA LANG

Claude levi-Strauss structuralism

Answer 2

binary opositions- binary opposites help to thicken the plot and further the narrative; and introduce contrast.

Question 3

MEDIA LANG

Todorov- narratology

Answer 3

Narrative- curve
equilibrium, disruption, recognition, resolution, and new equilibrium.

Question 4

media lang

neales- genre theory

Answer 4

Repitition and difference

genre hybridity

Genres change or decline in popularity.

Question 5

media lang

Baudrillard- postmodernism

Answer 5

Randomness

Popular culture

remember postmodern techniques:

non linear narrative

self reflexive (refers to itself meta) eg breaking the 4th wall, genre hybridity

Irony/plasttiche- make fun of itself

Adverts eg old spice

Question 6

media representation

Halls- Representation

Answer 6

-medialanguage is used to create representations

-stereotyping is often used to assert power

Question 7

rep

Gilroy- Postcolonial theory

Answer 7

black communities-are seen as ‘other’, and are associated with criminal activity and lawlessness.

Britain has failed to mourn its loss of empire, creating post-colonial melancholia.

Question 8

rep

Van Zoonen- Feminist theory

Answer 8

-the female body is seen as an object/spectacle
-male gaze
-active/passive representations
-patriarchy
-objectification
-subversive representations

Question 9

rep

bell hooks- intersectionality

Answer 9

• Women should develop an oppositional gaze that refuses to identify with characters that reinforce patriarchal ideologies– particularly important for Black women

Question 10

rep

butlers- gender performance

Answer 10

our gender identitiies are not naturally given but constructed through repitition.

Question 11

rep

gauntlett media and identity

Answer 11

we use the internet and other media texts to help us creaate our identity. we now have more of a variety of representations to identify with

Question 12

media industries

curann and seaton - ownership effects

Answer 12

the media is controlled by a small number of companies that make products to create profits and gain power
the idea that media concentration generally limits creativity and quality
diverse ownership creates diverse products

Question 13

media industries

hesmondhalgh - the cultural industry

Answer 13

maximizing profits and minimizing risks

Question 14

bandura - media modelling effects

Answer 14

audiences learn through constant observation of media

Question 15

gerbners - cultivation

Answer 15

-the more we see the same representations and messages the more we believe they are true

Question 16

hall - reception theory

Answer 16

producers want audiennces to respond in a particular way to a text.

-preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings

Question 17

jenkins - Fandom

Answer 17

fans produce a variety of different products relating to certain media text and then share it with a like minded community

Question 18

shirky - the end of audience

Answer 18

• everybody makes the media — producers and audiences have become more of collaborative partners instead of not being involved at all

Question 19

livingstone aand lunt - regulation

Answer 19

-the challenge of regulation in the age of globalized media

Question 20

Regulating media industries is hard, made more difficult to control of technology and the publics send choice.

Answer 20

Livingston and lunt