Theoriest

Question 0

• Focus is primarily on the patient and the environment.
• centered on 13 canons and the whole person
• felt that nursing was a calling
• nurses should be involved in health promotion and health teaching with sick and with those who were well.

Answer 0

Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Question 1

• career as a nurse, teacher, author and researcher that some refer to her as the Florence Nightingale of the 20th century.
• she is perhaps best known for her definition if nursing.
• assist the individual, sick or well
• contributing to health or its recovery (or peaceful death)
• health him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
• she identified 14 basic needs on nursing care

Answer 1

Virginia Henderson: Definition if Nursing and 14 Components of Basic Nursing Care

Question 2

• the goal of the nurse is to help persons attain a higher level of harmony within the mind-body-spirit.
• this goal is pursued through transpersonal caring guided by 10 carative factors
• core of nursing which is grounded in the philosophy, science, and art of caring
• emphasis is placed upon helping a person gain more self-knowledge, self-control, and readiness for self-healing
• her theory is more about being than doing
• careing

Answer 2

Jean Watson: Philosophy and Science of Caring

Question 3

• focused on the understanding of perceptual acuity, clinical judgement, skilled know-how, ethical comportment, and ongoing experimental learning
• philosophy is an understanding of ethical comportment
• she identified 7 Domains and 5 stages of skill acquisition

Answer 3

Patricia Benner’s Clinical Wisdom in Nursing Practice

Question 4

• believed nursing is a learned profession, both a science and an art for human betterment
• her theory asserts that human beings are dynamic energy fields that are integrated with environmental energy fields
• identified the principles of helicy, resonancy, and integrality
• together these principles are known as the principle of homeodynamics.

Answer 4

Martha Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings

Question 5

• describes her theory as a general theory that is made up of three related theories, Theory of Self-Care, the Theory of Self-care Deficit and the Theory of Nursing Systems.
• one of most commonly used.

Answer 5

Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing

Question 6

• presents the person as an adaptive system in constant interaction with the internal and the external environments
• the goal of nursing is to foster successful adaptation

Answer 6

Callisto Roy’s adaptation model

Question 7

• is a wellness model based on general systems theory in which the client system is exposed to stressors from within and without the system
• the focus if the model is on the client system in relationship to stressors
• stressors are classified as intrapersonal, interpersonal, or extapersonal
• model is health oriented, with an emphasis on prevention as intervention

Answer 7

Betty Neuman’s system model

Question 8

• conceptualizes three levels of dynamic interacting systems that include personal systems (individual), interpersonal systems (groups), and social systems (society)
• theory if goal attainment
• theory focuses on the interpersonal system interactions in the nurse-client relationship
• planning involves deciding on goals and agreeing on how to attain goals.

Answer 8

Imogene King’s Interacting Systems Framework and Theoryof Goal attainment

Question 9

• identified the main features of the Cultural Diversity and Universality Theory
• focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures
• the nurse plans and makes decisions with clients with respect to these 3 modes of action
• she developed the sunrise model and labeled it “an enabler”

Answer 9

Madeleine Leininger’s culture diversity and universality theory

Question 10

• concerned with how persons relate to one another
• the nurse patient relationship is the center of nursing
• described four phases in nurse-patient relation-ships: orientation, identification, exploitation and resolution
• nursing roles were refined to include teacher, resource, counselor, leader, technical expert and surrogate
• described four psychobiological experiences: needs, frustration, conflict and anxiety
• recognized that the patient is a partner and they have to be equal with the nurse
• she was a phyc nurse

Answer 10

Hildegard Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations