Theories on Socialisation Flashcards
describe the process of primary socialisation
happens between 0-5years in the family home to teach language + basic norms and values from immediate carers eg thru sanctions
describe the process of secondary socialisation
external agencies modify primary socialisation to teach specific normals and values; interpersonal (eg teacher/student) and impersonal(media/consumer), also uses sanctions
give 3 examples of primary agents (of socialisation )
family
carers
extended family
give 8 examples of secondary agents (of socialisation)
school, media, religion, culture, workplace, peer groups, sports, the state
what do sociologist argue with nurture vs nature
ALWAYS nurture
what can be used to disagree with the nurture side to the nature vs nurture debate
Born Genius: 7 yo boy can play classical music, started age 2, mother never taught
what is the functionalist view of the family
- teaches norms/values so children can be beneficial to society -> collective consciousness and value consensus made
- same sex parent= role model
- Parsons views socialisation as personality factory for blank slates
give 4 criticisms to the fucntionalist view of the family
- single/same sex parents socialise children just as well
- conflict theories disagree with value consensus
- why do teenagers commit crime/have mental issues of socialised correctly?->toxic childhood ?
- Born Genius and nature side of debate
describe functionalist view of the socialisation process
- Durkheim-everyone has role for society (organic analogy-> socialisation teaches norms/values to prevent anomie (state of norm less ness)
- formal social control= law/police with pos impact
- informal social control = family pos/beg sanctions
- Parsons views on family and PS
evaluate functionalist views of socialisation
- structuralists (marxists and feminists) agree we are taught norms/values thru S but it only benefits small groups
- post modernists believe we are not socialised the same way due to media saturation
describe Althussers marxist views on socialisation
•Althusser- socialised to favour capitalism; learn what bourgeoisie wants us to; by repressive state apparatus (police/army) and ideological state apparatus (media and schools)
describe gramscis marxist views on socialisation
socialisation creates dominant ideology (hegemony)that capitalism is good which crates FCC
give evaluation of the marxist beliefs on socialisation
- structuralists(feminists and functionalists) agree we are taught norms/values but Fu disagree
- patronising to assume W/C are passive recipients
- out of date bc ppl learn about marxist ideology
describe Ann Oakleys feminist views on socialisation
3 ways we are socialised by the patriarchy:
•manipulation (parents encourage/discourage gendered behaviour)
•canalisation (parents channel older children into gendered activities eg dance and football
•verbal appellation(parents speak differently to diff sexes)
describe the feminist and radical feminist views in socialisation
f= socialisation benefits patriarchy and we are manipulated by parents to play/ do certain things which forms gender identity rf = we are brainwashed into gender roles
evaluations of feminist views
- structuralists agree but Fu disagree
- we do make choices we arent passive recipients
- out of date a lot mix in gender based toys and media
describe Mead’s interactionist views on socialisation
individuals are much more active in identity formation; S is active process with active participant ; PS-> mimic others-> create roles for ourselves ; emphasises role of symbols
describe Goffman’s interactionist views on socialisation
the world is a stage and society is a production; there is a front stage and back stage (in the hime and in public) and we use props; resocialisation exists eg for released prisoners
evaluations of interactionist views on S
- don’t pay attention to impacts of social institutions eg gender class and media
- Giddons ‘structuration’ theory (structure and action) is useful as it is a combo
describe the post modernist view on S
not just one set of culture, norms and values but many; Lyotard argues ppl can choose who to listen to and what culture to be apart of
evaluations on post modernist view
don’t take non media saturated ppl or social institutions into account
