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Sociology > Theories Of The Family > Flashcards

Theories Of The Family Flashcards

1
Q

Murdock’s 4 essential functions

A

Satisfaction of sex drive
Reproduction
Socialisation
Meeting economic needs

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2
Q

A03 Murdock

A

Functions can be completed = as well by any other institutions
Neglects conflict (fem/marx)

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3
Q

Engels

nuclear family

A

NF came about to ensure inheritance of private property
Duke of Westminster inherited 8.3 billion

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4
Q

A03 Marxism

A

Ignores positives of family
Assumes the NF is dominant

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5
Q

A02 feminism - Oakley

A

Criticise Young & Wilmott - arg claims are exaggerated
Own research only 15% of men had a high level or participation in housework

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6
Q

A03 femenism

A

White fem neglect racial experiences ( blk fem say family acts as existence from racism)
Diff fem neglect fact that all women share many same experiences (DV low pay)

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7
Q

A02 personal life perspective

A

Becky tipper = child’s view of family typically saw pets as part of the family

More relationships than traditional NF

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8
Q

A03 femenism

A

Is it legitimate to count pets and others as in the definition of family = related by blood marriage / adoption

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9
Q

A02 dome division of labour (bott)

A

Joint conjugal roles
Segregated conjugal roles

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10
Q

A02 dome division of labour (parsons)

A

Functional fit theory
Men and women naturally have different roles
Instruments expressive

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11
Q

A03 parsons (dom division of labour)

A

Outdated
Femenism = NF = patriarchal oppresses women

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12
Q

A03 domestic division of labour

A

Symmetrical fam = long term trend away from segregated conjugal roles to more joint
Improved thru women working and men helping w/ housework

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13
Q

Criticism symmetrical family

A

Women end up taking responsibility for all aspect of house hold whatever family type they are in ( dual burden/ triple shift)
NF roles aren’t symmetrical

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14
Q

Domestic violence A02

A

91 % of DV = injuries are women
93% of perpetrators of women are males

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15
Q

Radical feminist view of DV
A02

A

Millet & firestone = society founded on patriarchy and they key ‘/. = between men and women

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16
Q

Radical feminist view of DV

A

Men = enemy they exploit women
Marriage = key institution of a patriarch society ( men dom through DV)

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17
Q

A03 radical fem view of DV

A

Fail to explain female violence
Crime survey eng and wales 2020 2.9 mil of men experience DV by age 16

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18
Q

Materialist view of DV

A

Income & housing is the reason that women are oppressed in the family

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19
Q

Materialist view of DV
A02

A

Wilkinson & Pickett - DV = bc of stress bc of social inequalities

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20
Q

Materialist view of DV
A03

A

Fran Ansley - wives are takers of shit - DV is the key product of capitalism
Men exploited at work so take it out on the women

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21
Q

Resources and decision
A02

A

Paul & Vogler ( money management) = pooling and allowances
Edgell et al (decision making ) v imp - L imp

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22
Q

Resources an decision making
A03

A

Very outdated ( symmetrical family)

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23
Q

Social policy
Functionalist view w/ A02

A

See as helping family perform functions more effectively
NHS

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24
Q

Social policy
Functionalist view A03

A

Assumes everyone benefits } fem would argue benefit more men than women

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25
Q

Social policy
Donzelot view (A02)

A

Sp = way of surveillance ( not equal through social policy)

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26
Q

Social policy
Donzelot view A03

A

Baby p
Increased surveillance could’ve highlighted dangers b4 too late

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27
Q

New right view of social policy

A

NF bes for society } 2 parent h hold = better for ed socialisation physical and psychological
Attack gay & lone parent families

28
Q

A02 new right view of social policy

A

Murray - critic welfare - undermine NF

29
Q

A03 social policy

A

Abbot & Wallace = poor = poorer if cut benefits
Ignores policies supporting NF ( tax incentive married couples)

30
Q

Changing family patterns divorce
A01

A

Dvrce rate = number of divorces in uk over a year
Long term increase - dramatically rose in 1971b

31
Q

Divorce - reasons why

A

Changes in law - equalising grounds 1975 bc increase in petitions
Declining stigma - secularisation
Rising expectations - fletcher higher expectations places
Increase in financial dependence - 53% of women in work in 1967 increased to 67 in 2023

32
Q

Evaluation of divorce

A

Fem say high rate are desirable =breaking from patriarchy

33
Q

Partnerships

A

Marriage - decreasing lost numbers recorded in 2001
Cohabitation - fastest growing over 2 million and expected to increase by 2021
One person h hold - big rise 3/10
Same sex - 5-7% } same sex couple act 2013

34
Q

Parents and children

A

Childbearing - more remaining childless 47% born outside marriage - decline in stigma 20% of 25-34 yr olds believe marry 1st
Lone parents - 22% of families w/ children
Single by choice - renvoisie = working mum can now provide

35
Q

Reason for change in marriage

A

Changing attitudes
Secularisation
Decline in stigma
Change in position of women
Fear of divorce

36
Q

Reason for change in cohab

A

Decline stigma
Young people
Career opportunities
Secularisation

37
Q

A02 of cohab

A

Chester = cohab leads to marriage
Coast = 75% of cohab say expect to marry
Bejin = cohab a way of relating personally negotiated and equal relationships

38
Q

Welfare state and poverty
A02

A

Murray lone parent over generous welfare providing
Created perverse incentives creating dependency culture
Solution = to abolish

39
Q

Welfare state and policy
A03

A

New right critics = welfare benefits lone parents and are more likely in poverty because
- lone parents mainly women
- lack of affordable childcare

40
Q

Step families and reconstituted families
A02

A

85% at least 1 child from women’s previous relationship
11% from men’s
Allam & crow - sf may face problem of divided loyalties & issues ( contact w/ other parents ) creating tension

41
Q

Differences in ethnicity family
A01

A

Black fam uk = higher prop of lone parents
Asian = larger than aveerage ( extended family)

42
Q

Differences in ethnicity family
A02

A

Black - Reynolds - statistics are misleading ( many in stable relationships)
Mirza = increase level of loneliness parent reflects increase values women place on independence

Asian - Bhatti = signs of changing attitudes / among young = conflict w/ elders ((marrying outside))

43
Q

Extended families
A01

A

Usually
travelers
trad wc
south Asian
Beanpole family - more common

44
Q

Extended family
A02

A

Charles = classic 3 gen (under 1 roof) now all but extinct
Only exception bhangladeshi
Wilmott = dispersed extended family ( geo sep but remain in frequent contact )

45
Q

Rapoports 5 types of family diversity

A

Life stage ( diff fam type depending on LS)
Cultural ( diff religions / culture = diff structures)
Organisational (family type & roles organised diff)
Social class (mc/wc)
Generational ( old / young views)

46
Q

Chester neo conventional family
A02

A

Increase isn’t significant don’t think negative about diversity
Only slight change from nuclear family

47
Q

Chester neo conventional family
A03

A

Little has changed = most ppl in household headed by married couple
Most people divorce and re marry

48
Q

Postmodernist views of family diversity
A02

A

Stacey = greater freedom and choice benefits women - able to break free from patriarchy
Beck & Gidden = process whereby trad social relationships roles & beliefs loos their influence
Giddens pure relationships = satisfy needs choose when to enter exit
Beck negotiated family - we make choices by calculating rewards and costs of options

49
Q

A03
Giddens pure relationship

A

Could = less stability = more family diversity

50
Q

Demography deaths

A

Overall death rate fallen =life expectancy increased

51
Q

Reasons for overall decline in death

A

Improved nutrition - mckeown 1/2 reduction of death from TB = bc
Medical improvements - after 1950 improved med knowledge tech and organisation helped decrease
Smoking & diet - harper = bigger decrease bc less smoking not HC / American health bc med takes over
Public health measure - 20th cent enforce laws of housing & clean air act
Other - less mining job etc smaller families lifestyle changes

52
Q

Migration

A

Migration = movement of ppl from place to place
Immigration = move into
Emigration = move out
Met mig = Imm- em

53
Q

Migration
A02

A

1900 - ww2 = biggest immigration groups = east and Central European Jews
1950 + = commonwealth, Caribbean , south Asian
2000 = eu - Romania Poland (2005)

54
Q

Evaluation of migration

A

Lowers average age ( direct) 70% 24–64
Produce more babies (indirect)
Dependency ratio - more working age & more children they give birth to

55
Q

Globalisation
A01

A

= process by which societies cultures and economies become interconnected
Bc increase in settlers temp workers etc

56
Q

Globalisation
A02

A

Vertolec super diversity migrants = wider range of

57
Q

Childhood as a social construct
A01

A

Childhood created and constructed by society
No fixed and depends on time place and cultures

58
Q

Childhood as a social construct
A02

A

Punch rural Bolivia = 5yr = work responsibility home and community
Firth west pacific tikitopia = doing as told = concession not right expected

59
Q

History of childhood
A02

A

Aires = 10-19th cent childhood didn’t exist 20th cent = cent of children

60
Q

Reasons for historical change

A

Laws
Compulsory ed
Decreased infant mortality
Laws and policies specifically for child (smokin)
Un convention on rights of the child 1989

61
Q

demography
births – birth rate =

A

BR= number of live births per 100 per yr

62
Q

demography
briths - fertility rate =

A

FR= the avg number of children women will have during their fertile years

63
Q

reasons for decline in BR

A

changes in womens positions
- harper 2012 - womend ed = change in mindset
- decline in IMR = harper fall in IMR =fall in BR = many reasons in 20 cent - better sanitation health care
- children now economic liability - cant work no more due to laws

64
Q

A03 births = dependency ration

A

= relationship between size of WC part of pop and dependant part
earning and taxes of WP go to DP children take up large aprt of DP so less = reduce ‘burden of dependancy’
however less children = less young adults eventually = smaller WP = burden of dependency incresae excpet large proportion of DP = elderly

65
Q

A03 births - vanishing children

A

falling FR = less children = childhood more lonely as less sibling etc = children become more valued

66
Q
A

Sociology (1 decks)

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