Theories of power

Question 1

Name the three theories

Answer 1

Modernisation, Dependency and World systems

Question 2

Modernisation theory was developed by (1) in (2) as a response to (3) to explain why capitalism will end (4) as traditional (5) of a poorer nation inhibits development

Answer 2

1 - Rostow 
2 - 1960s 
3 - communism 
4 - poverty 
5 - family values

Question 3

Name the six stages of modernisation theory

Answer 3

1 - traditional society 
2 - preconditions for take off
3 - take off 
4 - drive to maturity 
5 - high mass consumption 
6 - post consumer society

Question 4

Describe the first stage of modernisation theory

Answer 4

Traditional society - based on subsidence farming, bartering and limited technology

Question 5

What happens between the first and second stage of modernisation theory?

Answer 5

Transition is triggered by external influence and markets

Question 6

Describe the second stage of modernisation theory

Answer 6

Preconditions for take off - Conditions for development include profits from farming and infrastructure e.g. comms network develop

Question 7

What happens between the second and third stage of the modernisation theory?

Answer 7

Installation of physical infrastructure and emergence of an elite class

Question 8

Describe stage three of the modernisation theory

Answer 8

Take off - development of a manufacturing industry and cultural change as a result of the industrial revolution

Question 9

What happens between the third and fourth stage of modernisation theory?

Answer 9

Investment in manufacturing exceeds 10% of national income and development of modern institutes

Question 10

Describe the fourth stage of the modernisation theory

Answer 10

Drive to maturity - development of industrial and consumer base

Question 11

What happens between the fourth and fifth stage of the modernisation theory?

Answer 11

International trade

Question 12

Describe the fifth stage of the modernisation theory

Answer 12

High mass consumption - Welfare systems are fully developed

Question 13

Describe the possible sixth stage of the modernisation theory

Answer 13

Post consumer society - maximises leisure time and strong internet links

Question 14

Give some criticisms of modernisation theory

Answer 14

• Treats LEDCs as homogenous (having the same characteristics) and neglect cultural differences
• Some countries decrease in development e.g. debt
• Asian tiger economies combined traditional culture and western capitalism - rapid £ growth
• Ecological limits to growth e.g. mining/ deforestation destructive to environment

Question 15

In dependency theory, what do core developed countries take from peripheral developing countries?

Answer 15

• Brain drain
• Raw materials
• Political support
• Debt repayment

Question 16

In dependency theory, what do peripheral developing countries get from core developed countries?

Answer 16

• Manufactured goods
• Aid
• Polluting industry
• Political ideologies

Question 17

How does dependency theory suggest countries can develop?

Answer 17

Retain primary products and invest in processing which adds value and employment

Question 18

How does dependency theory suggest that terms of trade go against periphery countries?

Answer 18

Tariffs maintain poverty and low profit deters investment

Question 19

What are the three zones included in world systems theory?

Answer 19

Core, periphery and semi-periphery

Question 20

In World Systems theory, what are the core regions?

Answer 20

• Drive the world’s economy
• Developed countries financed by a wealthy farming industry
• Despite global shift to China and India, the western core owns and consumes 75% of global goods

Question 21

What are peripheral areas in world systems theory?

Answer 21

• lack capital and rely on core region exports
• largely results from colonialism
• unequal colonial trade as core profited from periphery raw materials

Question 22

Describe semi periphery countries in World Systems theory

Answer 22

• Industrialising
• Mostly capitalist
• Major role in mediating economic, political and social activities that link core and periphery countries