Theories of Personality Midterm COPY

Question 1

Describe the research findings regarding treatment outcome of psychotherapy. What are common factors? How do they contribute to psychotherapy outcomes?

Answer 1

• empathic listening,

therapeutic alliance,

catharsis,

practicing new behaviors,

positive expectations,

working through conflicts,

learning to be self-reflective,

support, warmth, feedback,

reassurance, credibility,

facilitative therapeutic relationship

Question 2

How do a counselor’s personal values impact the therapeutic treatment with their client? Be sure to define value imposition and comment on its effects on counseling.

Answer 2

-our conceptual framework colors how we think our clients should solve their problems- important for them to be the experts. Don’t give advice, respect the client -value imposition- counselors directly attempting to define a client’s values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors- actively or passively- may cause more problems and increase incongruency

Question 3

What are some specific elements of effective multicultural counseling? What must a counselor do to become culturally competent? How might the counselor have to adjust his or her own values to work with clients from differing cultures?

Answer 3

• 1. Beliefs and attitudes- know your own biases, value diversity
• 2. Knowledge about culture- understand but don’t stereotype
• 3. Skills- know how to counsel people from different cultures

Question 4

Be familiar with the process of ethical decision making in counseling. What specific strategies can you use to make this process manageable?

Answer 4

a. Clearly identify problem & potential issues
b. Research laws/codes/ethical issues
c. Consult
d. Brainstorm possible actions/consequences
e. Decide