Theories of Motor Development

Question 1

Maturational Perspective

Answer 1

1930s
- Arnold Gesell and Myrtle McGraw
- states that maturation is controlled by internal factors and only temporarily by environmental factors

Question 2

Normative and Biomechanical Descriptive Periods

Answer 2

Focus on Products (scores) and not process
- standardized tests and norms

Question 3

Information Processing Perspective

Answer 3

1960s-1980s
Bandura and Skinner
Input - Processing - Output
Attention, Memory, Effects of Feedback

Question 4

Bandura

Answer 4

Observational and social learning
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation

Question 5

Skinner

Answer 5

Behaviorist
Human action based on consequences and stimulus and behavior

Question 6

Piaget

Answer 6

Stages
Interation of biological maturation and environmental experience

Question 7

Ecological Perspective

Answer 7

Individual Environment + Task
- development is driven by individual, environment, and task

Question 8

Dynamical Systems Approach

Answer 8

Body systems spontaneously self-organize
Not driven solely by CNS

Question 9

Rate limiters

Answer 9

individual constraint or system that delays motor skills

Question 10

Perception Action

Answer 10

Action is due to perception, but actions also generate perception

Question 11

Affordance

Answer 11

the function an environmental object provides to an individual

Question 12

Universality

Answer 12

individuals in a species show great similarity in development

Question 13

Variability

Answer 13

individual differences exist