Theories of Motivation and Hunger Motivation - (Modules 37-38)

Question 1

Instincts theory

Answer 1

Biological, genetic programming

Instincts-complex behavior with a fixed pattern

Question 2

Drive reduction theory

Answer 2

A physiological need creates a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Ex. If we are thirsty we drink water

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state like temperature

Question 4

Incentive Theory

Answer 4

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

Optimal-Arousal Theory (Yerkes-Dodson law)

Answer 5

Optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task

We seek activities to help satisfy the optimal arousal

Easy task = needs high arousal

Question 6

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs/Self-Actualization

Answer 6

Lower motives must be met before higher needs

Levels: Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Form of sugar in the blood
Source of energy
If the level is low, we feel hunger

Question 8

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Brings on hunger (the hungry feeling)

Question 9

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Depresses hunger (the full feeling)

Question 10

Appetite Hormones

Answer 10

Insulin: Controls blood glucose
Ghrelin: Empty stomach, “I’m hungry”
Orexub: Hunger secreted by the hypothalamus
Leptin: Fat cells increase metabolism and decrease hunger
PYY: Digestive tract, “I’m not hungry”

Question 11

Set Point

Answer 11

Body weight maintained automatically by most adults over time

Body falls below this weight, and increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate occurs