Theories Of Motivation Flashcards
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchical system for organizing needs. Each lower level needs must be met in order for it attempt to be made to fill the next category of its needs in the hierarchy.
Instinct
Genetically programmed patterns of behavior
Self-actualization
Occurs when people creatively or meaningfully fulfill their own potential.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Factors originating from within ourselves and factors coming from the outside world.
Overjustification effect
Intrinsic motivation May decrease if we receive extrinsic rewards for the same behavior.
Self-determination
The need to feel competent and in control
Self-efficacy
The believe that we can or cannot attain a particular goal.
Henry Murray
Individual differences varying environments can cause motivations and needs to be expressed in many different ways. Human needs can be broken down into 20 specific types.
Need for affiliation
People with a high level of this need like to avoid conflicts, like to be members of groups, and dislike being evaluated.
Cognitive dissonance
People are motivated to reduce tension produced by conflicting thoughts or choices.
Kurt Lewin
Classified conflicts in four types
Approach-approach
One has to decide between two desirable options.
Avoidance-avoidance
One has to choose between two unpleasant alternatives.
Approach-avoidance
Only one choice is presented, but it carries both pluses and minuses.
Multiple approach-avoidance
Many options are available, but each has positives and negatives.
