Theories Of Memory

Question 1

Assumptions of Cog psych

Answer 1

• computer processing model to explain human cognition
• information processing model to describe way of human receive, interrupt and respond to info

Question 2

Description of computer processing model

Answer 2

• our biology is is the hard wiring
• our experience is the programming

Question 3

Definition of memory

Answer 3

• the storage of learned information for retrieval and future use
• retention and ability of recalling info.

Question 4

Multi Store Model of memory 1968

Answer 4

Encoding -) storage -) retrieval
Sensory input -) sensory memory -) attention -) STM -) rehearsal -) LTM

Question 5

Pros of MSM

Answer 5

• supporting evidence from case studies e.g. HM, Clive wearing
• supported by chapman et al
• positive application to society
  1+ 2) Therefore, supports STM and LTM are separate stores due to different brain waves pattern
  3) T/F can aid education, ideas about study skills and importance of rehearsal

Question 6

Cons of MSM

Answer 6

• anecdotal evidence = T/F cannot explain all types of memory so is insufficient theory
• there are more than one STM store = MSM is reductionist
• reductionist = insufficient theory to explain memory
• alternative theories of memory

Question 7

Aim of Baddeley study 1966

Answer 7

• to investigate the influence of acoustic and semantic word similarity on learning an recall in STM and LTM

Question 8

How was sample obtained and design in baddeley’s study ?

Answer 8

• 72 men and women from the Applied psychology Research unit subject panel
• opportunity sample
• independent measures design

Question 9

Example of standardises procedure in Baddeley’s study

Answer 9

• same design were used
• 4 same lists of semantically / acoustically similar and dissimilar words
• words presented via projector at a rate of one word every 3 seconds
• all same 6 distracted tasks of digits
• 15 mins interfere task

Question 10

Findings of baddeley’s study

Answer 10

Start of study - acoustically similar words are more difficult to recall
End of study- semantically similar words are more difficult to recall

Question 11

Conclusions of Baddeley’s study

Answer 11

• STM primarily make use of acoustic encoding = difficulties on recalling acoustically similar words
• LTM primarily make use of semantic encoding = difficulties on recalling semantically similar words

Question 12

Pros of baddley’s study

Answer 12

• reliable = (H) in highly controlled artificial setting = standardised procedure used
• practical application to society = (H) education and highlight the importance of rehearsal = teachers develop strategies that help students recall easier
• high internal validity

Question 13

Cons of Baddley’s study

Answer 13

• lacks ecological validity
• lacks mundane realism
• lacks population validity
• demand characteristics = (T) low internal validity

Question 14

How does b’s study support MSM ?

Answer 14

• STM encodes acoustically = hard to recall at the start of study
• LTM encodes semantically = harder to recall at the end of study

Question 15

Working memory model

Answer 15

• Baddley and Hitch
• about STM
• consist of central executive, phonological loop, Visio- spatial sketch pad

Question 16

Role of central executive

Answer 16

• most important of the model
• controls and coordinates cooperation of 3 slave systems
• decides which info is by attention/ ignored

Question 17

Capacity and coding of central executive

Answer 17

• limited
• code any modality

Question 18

Role of phonological loop

Answer 18

• consist of phonological store and articulatory control process
• responsible with spoken and written material

Question 19

Role of phonological store

Answer 19

• inner ear
• holds info in speech based form fr 1-2 seconds
• spoken words enter directly
• written words converted into articulatory code before enter this

Question 20

Role of articulatory control process

Answer 20

• inner voice
• rehearsing information from the phonological store
• loop like tape
• can converts written material into articulatory code -) to phonological store

Question 21

Role of Visuo spatial sketch pad

Answer 21

• for temporary storage and manipulation of visual and spatial info
• help track of where we are with other objects when environment moves

Question 22

Role of episodic buffer

Answer 22

• limited capacity
• integrates and manipulates material in working memory into episodes
• integrate LTM to meet requirements of working memory

Question 23

Pros of WMM

Answer 23

• supported by case study of KF
• supported by Smith and Jonides
• supported by scientific research
• positive application to society

Question 24

Cons of WMM

Answer 24

• criticise by Lieberman
• central executive was the least know but most important
• reductionists
• addition of episodic buffer

Question 25

Case study of KF

Answer 25

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