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crime and deviance - sociology > theories of - marxism > Flashcards

theories of - marxism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 Marxist explanations for why crime happens?

A
  • criminogenic capitalism
  • the state and law making
  • selective enforcement
  • ideological functions of crime and law
  • neo-marxism
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2
Q

what does criminogenic mean in relation to capitalism?

A

that by it’s very nature, capitalism causes crime

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3
Q

Why do WC commit crimes according to the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

it’s the only way they can survive/get out of poverty and acquire consumer goods that capitalism promotes

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4
Q

What has led to crimes in violence and vandalism in the WC according to the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

Alienation and lack of control over their own lives leads to frustration and aggression

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5
Q

Alienation and lack of control over their own lives leading to frustration causes which types of crimes in the WC according to the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

Violent and vandalism

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6
Q

What does GAP stand for in the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

G- greed: only way to obtain consumer goods
A- alienation: lack of control over their lives,
leads to frustration/aggression
P- poverty: only way to survive

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7
Q

What anagram is used in the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

GAP

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8
Q

What does the G stand for in the GAP anagram?

A

Greed - only way to obtain consumer goods

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9
Q

What does the A stand for in the GAP anagram?

A

Alienation - lack of control over their lives leads to frustration and aggression

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10
Q

What does the P stand for in the GAP anagram?

A

Poverty - the only way to survive

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11
Q

According to the Criminogenic Capitalism theory why do the RC commit crime?

A

the american dream encourages amassing property and getting richer

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12
Q

What type of crimes do the RC commit?

A

corporate crime e.g. tax evasion and breaking H&S laws

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13
Q

As an example for RC crime in the Criminogenic Capitalism theory, which company was fined over £1m for H&S breaches?

A

Pound Stretch

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14
Q

As an example for RC crime for the Criminogenic Capitalism theory what happened to Pound Stretcher?

A

Pound Stretcher where fined over £1m for H&S breaches

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15
Q

What is an evaluation for the Criminogenic Capitalism theory?

A

Not all capitalist societies have high crime rates for example Japan vs. America

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16
Q

What theory does not all capitalist societies having high crime rates contradict?

A

Criminogenic Capitalism

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17
Q

What does Chambliss argue about the RC in the State and Law Making theory?

A

the RC has the power to prevent laws that harm their interests and pass laws that support them

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18
Q

Which theory suggest that the RC has the power to prevent laws that harm their interests/pass laws that support them?

A

The State and Law Making

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19
Q

What case is used in Chambliss’s theory of the State and Law Making?

A

the introduction of English law into Britain’s East African colonies

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20
Q

What happened in Britain’s East African colonies that Chamliss uses in the State and Law Making theory?

A
  1. Britain had interest in their tea and coffee plantations, which needed labour
  2. the population were initially reluctant to work so the British enforced a tax that must be payed in cash. It was a criminal offence to not pay
  3. only way to pay: work on plantation - law served economic interest of capitalist plantation owners. profited of labour of African population
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21
Q

What is a example for the theory of The State and Law Making?

A

The case of Ford Pinto

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22
Q

Ford Pinto is a real life example of which marxist theory of crime?

A

The State and Law Making

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23
Q

What is an evaluation of The State and Law Making theory?

A

funcyionalism: the CJS does sometimes implement policies that benefit the society/WC e.g NHS

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24
Q

Which theory does the CJS sometimes implementing policies that benefit the society/WC e.g NHS contradict?

A

The State and Law Making

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25
What does Selective Enforcement of the law mean?
the CJS chooses which crimes to prosecute and which they turn a blind eye to
26
Which theory explains that the CJS chooses which crimes to prosecute and which they turn a blind eye to?
Selective Enforcement
27
Which groups does the Selective Enforcement theory argue are criminalised whilst the police ignore crimes of the powerful?
the working class and ethnic minorities
28
What did Chambliss argue in the Selective Enforcement theory?
the CJS focuses on 'crimes of the street' rather than 'crimes of the suites'
29
What does Chambliss call the crimes of the poor and rich in the Selective Enforcement theory?
crimes of the streets vs crimes of the suites
30
What do term do Marxists argue the CJS occasionally prosecuting the wealthy is in the Selective Enforcement theory?
a smoke screen
31
What Marxists argue is a smokescreen in the Selective Enforcement theory?
the CJS occasionally prosecuting the wealthy
32
What is the real life example of the Selective Enforcement theory?
The 1984 bhopal disaster (Union Carbide)
33
The 1984 bhopal disaster (Union Carbide) is a real life example of which Marxist theory of crime?
Selective Enforcement
34
What example is used to CONTRADICT (evaluate) the Selective Enforcement theory?
Bernard Madoff - ruling class crime
35
Why is the case of Bernard Madoff used to evaluate the Selective Enforcement theory?
He was part of the ruling class, and stole $18 billion from investors. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison
36
What does the Ideological Functions of Crime and Law theory of crime argue?
Crime and law spread ideas that help keep workers passive
37
Which explanation of crime argues that crime and law spread ideas that help keep workers passive?
Ideological Functions of Crime and Law
38
What is an example of laws that benefits workers but Pearce argues is just a caring face of capitalism, in the I.F.C.D theory?
Health and Safety law
39
Pearce argues, in the I.F.C.D theory that Health and Safety laws benefit workers but are only a..........?
Caring face of capitalism
40
What does Pearce argue, in the Ideological Functions of Crime and Law theory, that capitalisms caring face promoted?
false class consciousness
41
According to Gordon in the I.F.C.L theory how are the WC distracted from their exploitation?
By directing their frustration produced by inequalities in capitalism onto criminals in their own class?
42
What does Gordon argue, in the I.F.C.L theory, that the WC directing their frustrations produced by inequalities in capitalism onto criminals in their own class does?
Distracts the WC from their exploitation
43
What term is used, in the I.F.C.L, theory to describe what the WC releasing frustration onto WC criminals, instead of the RC is?
Safety Valve
44
Safety valve is used to describe what in the I.F.C.L theory?
The WC release frustration onto WC criminals which otherwise would be directed to the RC
45
What is the real life example of the Ideological Functions of Crime and Law theory?
Hall's 'Policing the Crisis': A moral panic over black muggers, which served to distract the WC from the exploitation of capitalism
46
Hall's 'Policing the Crisis': A moral panic over black muggers, is a real life example of which Marxist theory of crime?
Ideological Functions of Crime and Law
47
What does the Neo-Marxist theory argue?
A voluntaristic approach- WC choose their behaviour: they're aware of exploitation causing some of them to fight back (crime)
48
Which theory believes that the WC choose their behaviour: they're aware of exploitation causing some of them to fight back (crime)?
Neo-Marxism
49
What do Neo-Marxists believe crime is?
A conscious choice with a political move to redistribute wealth
50
Which Neo-Marxists argue that a fully social theory of deviance brings together six aspects?
Taylor, Walton and Young
51
What do Neo-Marxists Taylor, Walton and Young argue must come together for a fully social theory of deviance?
six aspects
52
What are the six aspects that Taylor, Walton and Young says must come together for a fully social theory or deviance?
1. Wider Origins of the Deviant Act 2. Immediate Origins of the Deviant Act 3. The Act Itself 4. Immediate Origins of Social Reaction 5. Wider Origins of Social Reaction 6. Effects of Labelling on the Deviant's Future Actions
53
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Wider Origins of the Deviant Act mean?
Crime doesn't happen because people are bad, but is related to structural factors in capitalist societies e.g inequality of power
54
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Immediate Origins of the Deviant Act mean?
Individuals are RATIONAL human beings. Poor people: rational to choose crimes relating to poverty Rich people: rational to choose crimes that increase power
55
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Act Itself mean?
What does it mean to the actor? Why did they decide to commit crime?
56
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Immediate Origins of Social Reaction mean?
The reaction of those around the deviant
57
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Wider Origins of the Social Reaction mean?
In a capitalist structure who has the power to define actions as deviant and label others, and why some acts are treated more harshly
58
In the Neo-Marxist theory of crime what does the aspect of The Effects of Labelling on the Deviant's Future Actions mean?
How a deviant responds to a social reaction
59
What is the real life example of the Neo-Marxist theory of crime?
London Riots (2011)
60
The 2011 London Riots is a real life example of which Marxist theory of crime?
Noe-Marxist

crime and deviance - sociology (21 decks)

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