Theories of Human Development

Question 1

Theory of Cognitive Development (proponent)

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 2

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 3

Goal for sensorimotor stage

Answer 3

object permanence

Question 4

goal for preoperational stage

Answer 4

symbolic thought

Question 5

goal for concrete operational stage

Answer 5

logical thought

Question 6

goal or formal operational

Answer 6

scientific reasoning

Question 7

sensorimotor stage age

Answer 7

0-2 years

Question 8

preoperational stage age

Answer 8

2-7 y/o

Question 9

concrete operational stage age

Answer 9

7-12 y/o

Question 10

formal operational age

Answer 10

12 y/o onwards

Question 11

which stage is egocentrism

Answer 11

sensorimotor

Question 12

which stage is conservation learned

Answer 12

concrete operational period

Question 13

which proponent talks about the process of adaptation

Answer 13

Piaget

Question 14

2 processes of adaptation

Answer 14

assimilation and accommodation

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

adjusting new experiences to fit prior concepts

Question 16

accommodation

Answer 16

Adjusting old concepts to new experiences

Question 17

Psychosocial development theory (proponent)

Answer 17

Erik Erikson

Question 18

8 stages of psychosocial development theory

Answer 18

-trust vs mistrust
-autonomy vs shame & doubt
-initiative vs guilt
-industry vs inferiority
-identity vs role confusion
-intimacy vs isolation
-generativity vs stagnation
-integrity vs despair

Question 19

trust vs mistrust age

Answer 19

infancy

Question 20

autonomy vs shame age

Answer 20

toddler

Question 21

initiative vs guilt age

Answer 21

preschool age

Question 22

industry vs inferiority

Answer 22

school age

Question 23

identity vs role confusion age

Answer 23

adolescence

Question 24

intimacy vs isolation age

Answer 24

young adulthood

Question 25

generativity vs stagnation age

Answer 25

middle adulthood

Question 26

integrity vs despair age

Answer 26

late adulthood

Question 27

behavioral theories of learning proponents

Answer 27

pavlov, watson, skinner

Question 28

classical conditioning proponent

Answer 28

pavlov

Question 29

operant conditioning proponent

Answer 29

skinner

Question 30

3 events in classical conditioning

Answer 30

generalization, discrimination, extinction

Question 31

Theory of Moral Development (proponent)

Answer 31

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 32

Levels of Moral Development

Answer 32

Preconventional Morality, Conventional morality, postconventional morality

Question 33

Stages of Preconventional Morality

Answer 33

Stage 1 Obedience &punishment stage
Stage 2 individualism & Exchange stage

Question 34

“doing the right thing = fair trade or excange”

Answer 34

preconventional morality stage 2 indiidualism & exchange stage

Question 35

Act based on what others say, rather than
providing reasons that are true to
themselves (fear of punishment)

Answer 35

preconventional morality stage 1 obedience & punishment stage

Question 36

(morality) Adolescence age
Makes him feel liked and appreciated
and contributes to his community

Answer 36

conventional morality

Question 37

stages in conventional morality

Answer 37

stage 3 interpersonal relationships
stage 4 maintaining social order

Question 38

(stage) Satisfying the expectations of the
community and other people than they are
with their own wants

Answer 38

stage 3 interpersonal relationships

Question 39

(stage) Behavior is determined by social
rules and laws.

Answer 39

stage 4 maintaining social order

Question 40

(morality)People develop knowledge of the
abstract principles of moral
development

Answer 40

post conventional morality

Question 41

stages of post conventional morality

Answer 41

stage 5 social contract and individual rights
stage 6 universal principles

Question 42

(stage) Starting to have their own opinions based on
their own beliefs and values.

Answer 42

stage 5 social contract and individual rights

Question 43

(stage) Behavior is based on self-chosen ethical
principles and abstract reasoning.

Answer 43

stage 6 universal principles

Question 44

Sociocultural Theory (proponent)

Answer 44

Lev Vygotsky

Question 45

_______ emphasized social contributions to the development progress; while _______ emphasizes self initiated discovery

Answer 45

vygotsky; piaget

Question 46

MKO

Answer 46

More knowledgeable other

Question 47

ZPD

Answer 47

Zone of proximal development

Question 48

This important concept relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner

Answer 48

Zone of proximal development

Question 49

Three forms of language accdg to Vygotsky

Answer 49

Social speech (2yo)
private speech (3yo)
silent inner speech (7yo)

Question 50

Ecological systems theory (proponent)

Answer 50

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Question 51

five ecological systems

Answer 51

-microsystem
-mesosystem
-exosystem
-macrosystem
-chronosystem

Question 52

microsystem

Answer 52

work, shool, friends, family, neighbors,

Question 53

mesosystem

Answer 53

interaction between microsystems

Question 54

exosystem

Answer 54

local government, parents friends, mass media, extended family

Question 55

macrosystem

Answer 55

social norms, economic system, political system, culture

Question 56

chronosystem

Answer 56

time/ shifts over child’s lifetime