Theories of Development: Research Methods

Question 1

What theory does Sigmund Freud have?

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic Theory (unconscious forces determine personality and behavior)
ID = pleasure principle
EGO = reality principle
SUPEREGO = morality principle

Question 2

What theory does Erik Erikson have?

Answer 2

Psychosocial Theory (individual development within the social context)
The 8 stages of Man

Question 3

What theory does Piaget have?

Answer 3

Cognitive Development Theory (children actively construct their understanding of the world, Schema, adaption to knowledge through assimilation and accommodation)

Question 4

What are Piaget’s 4 stages?

Answer 4

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operational

Question 5

What theory does Vygtosky have?

Answer 5

Sociocultural Cognitive Theory (culture, language, and reciprocal social interaction in cognitive development)
Zone of proximal development, scaffolding, private speech
+ Information Processing (how people take in, transform, and store information, gradual change)

Question 6

What are the behavioral theories?

Answer 6

Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Social Learning Theory

Question 7

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 7

conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned response

Question 8

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 8

reinforcement, punishment, behavior modification

Question 9

What theory did Albert Bandura have?

Answer 9

Social Cognitive Learning Theory (learning by observation, do not need to experience the consequence directly, bobo doll)

Question 10

What theory did Bronfenbrenner have?

Answer 10

Ecological Theory (interconnected levels of influence on development, ecological levels range from everyday close influences “proximal” to broad cultural factors “distal”

Question 11

What are the 5 ecological levels of Bronfenbrenner’s theory?

Answer 11

Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem

Question 12

What is the research method that we are using?

Answer 12

The scientific method

Question 13

What are the terminologies for our research method?

Answer 13

Basic vs Applied research, Independent variable, Dependent variable, Operationalize, Population, Sample

Question 14

What are the methods for collecting data?

Answer 14

Observation, survey, standardized tests, case study, qualitative, physiological/biological

Question 15

What takes place in the Experimental Design?

Answer 15

Experimental group, control group, random assignment, identify casual relationships, ethics

Question 16

What takes place in the Correlational Research Design?

Answer 16

No random assignment can’t establish causality, statistical relationship, spurious associations,