Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Growth/Development > Theories of Development > Flashcards

Theories of Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Nurture stance?

A

Development is influenced more by the experiences we have.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Nature stance?

A

Development is influenced more by the genetics we inherit by our parents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At Birth, the human mind is a blank state, or ______.

A

A Tabula Rasa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Discontinuity, or _______ argue that development progresses though a series of stages.

A

Stage Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ suggests development is described as a steady growth process.

A

Continuity Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which two theorists believe development ends once the child becomes an adult?

A

Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which theorist believes in the ‘Life-Span perspective’, or development that happens throughout ones’ entire life?

A

Erik Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are universals of development?

A

Similarities in development across different cultures and time periods. (Jean Piaget believed this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which theorist believed development was based on the child’s environment/sociocultural context?

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a collectivist culture?

A

A culture that places greater value on the common good than individual achievement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is individualistic culture?

A

A culture that values individual achievement and the pursuit of individual goals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Piaget’s Cognitive-development theory?

A

Cognitive abilities (or one’s ability to think) are developed as individuals mature physiologically, and have opportunities to interact with their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the assimilation cycle?

A

The cognitive process of making new information fit in with your existing understanding of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the accommodation cycle?

A

The cognitive process of altering one’s existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences based off past experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when a child is brought from assimilation to accommodation based on Piaget’s teachings?

A

Disequilibrium, which allows the child to learn, and go back to equilibrium until the next encounter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is constructivism?

A

When children construct organized patterns of thought or action based off experiences they have actively exploring the environment.

17
Q

What is Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development from birth to the age of 2?

A

Sensorimotor stage.

18
Q

What is Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development from age 2 to age 7?

A

Preoperational, characterized by egocentrism, rigidity of thought, semi-logical reasoning, and limited social cognition. (The start of problem solving)

19
Q

What is Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development from age 7 to age 11.

A

Concrete Operations. The beginning of operational thinking, start of decentering/taking in viewpoints other than their own. (inductive reasoning, increase quantitative skills and manipulate symbols)

20
Q

What is Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development from age 11 to age 15.

A

Formal Operations. Engages in logical, abstract, and hypothetical thought. (Highest levels)

21
Q

What is the Information Processing Approach?

A

A theoretical approach that uses the computer as a metaphor for the human mind, and describes changes in information processing capacity and speed associated with age.

22
Q

What is Learning Theory or ‘Behaviorist Perspective’

A

Describes developmental change as a product of learning. (Changes in observable behavior) Ivan Pavlov was big into this.

23
Q

What is Classical Conditioning?

A

A reflexive behavior comes under the control of a novel stimulus in the environment.

24
Q

What is a unconditioned Stimulus/Response?

A

An automatic, untrained components of a reflex.

25
Q

What is a conditioned Stimulus/Response?

A

A learned, trained components of a reflex.

26
Q

How did Pavlov use ‘Generalization’

A

When a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned response.

27
Q

How did Pavlov use ‘Discrimination’

A

The process of conditioning a response to occur only after a specific stimulus is presented.

28
Q

How did Pavlov use ‘Extinction’

A

The unlearning of a conditioned response.

29
Q

What did Albert Bandura’s Social Learning entail?

A

He introduced the idea that not only are changes in behavior acquired through processes of conditioning, but also through observational learning.

30
Q

What is vicarious Reinforcement?

A

The Affect that seeing a model being reinforced has in observational learning.

31
Q

What is the Psychodynamic Theory?

A

Personality is mainly unconscious. Forces outside of a person’s awareness explain why they behave a certain way.

Human Growth/Development (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions