Theories Of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

This talks about the changing roles, relationships, status, and generational cohort impact the older adult’s ability to adapt

A

Sociological Theories

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2
Q

Havighurst and Albrecht (1953)

Conceptualized activity engagement and positive adaptation to aging

Remaining occupied and involved is a necessary ingredient to satisfying late life

Associate activity as a means to prolong middle age and delay the negative effects of old-age

A

Activity Theory

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3
Q

Cumming and Henry (1961)

Contrast to activity theory

Conceptualized that aging is characterized by gradual disengagement from society and relationship

Withdrawal from society and relationship serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection

Outcome is a new equilibrium ideally satisfying to both individual and society

A

Disengagement Theory

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4
Q

Rose (1965)

Views older adults as a unique subculture within society formed as a defensive response to society’s negative attitudes and the loss of status that accompanies aging

Conceptualized that the elderly prefer to segregate from society in an aging subculture sharing loss of status and societal negativity regarding the aged.

Health and mobility are key determinants of social status

A

Subcultural Theory

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5
Q

Havighurst, Neugarten and Tobin (1968)

Suggests that personality is well-developed by the time reaches old-age and tends to remain consistent across life span

Past coping patterns occur as adults adjust to physical, financial, and social decline and contemplate death.

A

Continuity Theory

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6
Q

Riley and Associates (1972)

Society is stratified by age groups that are the basis for acquiring resources, roles, status, and difference from others

Age cohorts are influenced by their historical contexts and share similar experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of life course transitions

A

Age Stratification Theory

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7
Q

Lawton (1982)

Introduced functional competence in relationship to the environment

Conceptualized that function is affected by ego strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensory perception, and the environment

Competency changes one’s ability to adapt to environmental needs

A

Person-Environment Fit Theory

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8
Q

Tomstam (1994)

Proposed that aging individuals undergo a cognitive transformation from a materialistic, rational perspective toward oneness with the universe

Successful transformations include a more outward or external focus, accepting impending death without fear, an emphasis of substantive relationships, intergenerational connectedness and spiritual unity with the universe

Activity and participation must be the result of one’s own choices which differs from one person to another, and control over one’s life in all situation is essential for the person’s adaptation to aging

A

Gerotranscendence

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9
Q

Explain the aging in terms of mental processes, emotions, attitudes, motivation and personality development that is characterized by life stage transitions and that development does not end but remains a dynamic process

A

Psychological Theories

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10
Q

Maslow (1954)

Five basic needs motivate human behavior in a life-long process toward need fulfillment

The needs are prioritized such that more basic needs take precedence before the complex needs

A

Human needs Theory

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11
Q

Jung (1960)

Personality consists of an ego and personal and collective unconsciousness that views life from a personal or external perspective. Older adults search for life meaning and adapt to functional and special losses

A

Theory of individualism

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12
Q

Erikson (1963)

Personality develops in 8 sequential stages with corresponding life tasks. The 8th phase, Integrity vs. Despair, is characterized by evaluating life accomplishments; struggles including letting go, accepting care, detachment, and physical and mental decline.

A

Stages of Personality Development

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13
Q

Peck (1968) refined the 8th phase into three challenges

A

Ego differentiation vs. work role reoccupation
body transcendence vs. body preoccupation
Ego transcendence vs. Ego preoccupation

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14
Q

Buhler (1933)

Blend key elements in psychological theories (life stages, tasks, and personality development) with sociological concepts (role behavior and interrelationship between individual and society)

Life course is unique to each individual

Divided into stages with predictable patterns

Structured based on one’s role, relationships, internal values and goals

Goal achievement is associated with life satisfaction

A

Life course (Life Span) Paradigm

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15
Q

Baltes (1987)

Individual copes with the functional losses of aging through activity/role selection, optimization, and compensation

Critical life points are morbidity, mortality and quality of life

Facilitates successful aging

A

Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory

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16
Q

This explains the physiologic processes that change with aging.

A

Biological Theories

17
Q

In biological theory, what are some aging theorists that are divided into two categories.

A

Stochastic theories or Statistical Perspective
Nonstochastic Theories

18
Q

Based on random events that cause cellular damage that accumulates as organism ages

A

Stochastic theories or Statistical Perspective

19
Q

Based on genetically programmed events caused by cellular damage that accelerates aging of the organism

A

Nonstochastic Theories

20
Q

What are the three biological theories of aging (S)

A

Free Radical Theory
Orgel/Error Theory
Wear and tear Theory
Connective tissue/Cross-Link Theory

21
Q

Membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins are damaged by free radicals which causes cellular injury and aging

A

Free Radical Theory

22
Q

Errors in DNA and RNA synthesis occur with aging

A

Orgel/Error Theory

23
Q

Cells wear out and cannot function with aging

A

Wear and tear Theory

24
Q

With aging proteins impede metabolic processes and cause trouble with getting nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products

A

Connective tissue/Cross-Link Theory

25
Q

What are the four biological theories of aging (NS)

A

Programmed Theory
Gene/Biological clock Theory
Neuroendocrine Theory
Immunological Theory

26
Q

Cells divide until they are no longer able to; this triggers apoptosis or cell death

A

Programmed Theory

27
Q

Cells have a genetic programmed aging code

A

Gene/Biological clock Theory

28
Q

Problems with the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Endocrine gland feedback system causes disease; increased insulin growth factor increases aging

A

Neuroendocrine Theory

29
Q

Aging is due to faulty immunological function which is linked to general well being

A

Immunological Theory

30
Q

What are the two theories of aging

A

Functional Consequences Theory
Theory of Thriving

31
Q

Environmental and biopsychosocial consequences impact functioning.

Nursing’s role is to minimize age-associated disability in order to enhance safety and quality of living

A

Functional Consequences Theory

32
Q

Failure to thrive results from a discord between the individual and his or her environment or relationships. Nurses identify and modify factors that contribute to disharmony among these elements.

A

Theory of Thriving