Theories of acids & bases

Question 1

Arrhenius acid

Answer 1

Increases H⁺ concentration in aqueous solution

Question 2

Arrhenius base

Answer 2

Increases OH^- concentration in aqueous solution

Question 3

How is hydronium (H₃O) formed?

Answer 3

When a H⁺ ion combines with water

Question 4

Lewis acid

Answer 4

Electron (lone) pair acceptor

Must accept non-bonding (lone) pair electrons

Question 5

Lewis base

Answer 5

Electron (lone) pair donor

Must donate non-bonding (lone) electrons

Question 6

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 6

Proton donor

Question 7

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 7

Proton acceptor

Question 8

Electrophile

Answer 8

Accepts electron pair

Attracted to areas of negative charge - is electron deficient

Question 9

Nucleophile

Answer 9

Donates electron pair

Attracted to areas of positive charge

Question 10

Amphoteric

Answer 10

A compound that can react as both an acid and a base depending on the conditions

Not all of them have a hydrogen

Question 11

Amphiprotic

Answer 11

A compound that can donate or accept protons depending on the conditions

All have a hydrogen, and all amphiprotic compounds are amphoteric

Question 12

Conjugate acid

Answer 12

Has one more H atom and one more + charge than the base that formed it

Question 13

Conjugate base

Answer 13

Has one less H atom and one less + charge than the acid that formed it

Question 14

Monoprotic acid

Answer 14

Donates 1 proton

Doesn’t necessarily have one hydrogen; could have many

Question 15

Polyprotic

Answer 15

Donates > 1 proton
* Diprotic
* Triprotic

Question 16

Acid + hydroxide

Answer 16

acid + hydroxide → salt + water

Question 17

Acid + oxide

Answer 17

acid + oxide → salt + water

Question 18

Acid + carbonate

Answer 18

acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 19

Acid + amine

Answer 19

acid + amine →amine salt

Question 20

Acid + metal

Answer 20

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

Question 21

Hydroxides are what type of base?

Answer 21

Bronsted-Lowry bases