Theories of acids and bases Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Brønsted–Lowry theory?
A
- Defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors
- Proton is a hydrogen ion (H+) which exists as the hydronium ion (H3O+) in aqueous solution
- A Brønsted–Lowry acid is a proton/H+ donor and a Brønsted–Lowry base is a proton/H+ acceptor.
2
Q
What must all Bronsted-Lowry acids contain?
A
- They must be able to donate a H+ to another species
- Hydrogen ion can be either H+ or H3O+
3
Q
What must all Bronsted-Lowry bases contain?
A
- They must have a lone pair of electrons to form a bond with the hydrogen ion donated to them by an acid
4
Q
Do Amines act as acids or bases?
A
- Bases, they have a lone pair of electrons
5
Q
What are the classifications of acids?
A
- Monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic
6
Q
On what baises are acids classified?
A
- Based on the number of hydrogen ions (protons) that they can donate
- Depends on the acid, HCl for example can only donate one H+ ion in acid-base reactions
7
Q
What are alkalis? Give examples.
A
- Bases that are soluble in water
- Include metal oxides: calcium oxide and copper oxide
- Group 1 metal hydroxides
8
Q
What are conjugate acid-base pairs? In what reactions do the apply?
A
- A pair differs by a proton (H+) the same elements, just with one more or one less proton
- Usually happen in reversible reactions (state of equilibrium)
9
Q
How do you write a formula of the conjugate acid-base pair?
A
- For an acid add one proton (positive charge), initially has one more proton than its corresponding base
- For a base remove a proton (negative charge), initially the base has one less proton than its corresponding acid
10
Q
What does amphiprotic mean?
A
- A species that is able to act as an acid and a base depending on what it is reacting with
- Refers to Bronsted-Lowry theory only
11
Q
What does amphoteric mean?
A
- Substance that can act as either acids or bases, but its use is not limited to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.
