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Human Development > Theories & Models > Flashcards

Theories & Models Flashcards

0
Q

Negentory

A

Forces that maintain a systems organization and promote its development.

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1
Q

General systems theory

A

Change might occur as a result of an integration of parts of an organism.

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2
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

Being attractive to two equally desirable goals. (E.g. Choosing between two equally desirable jobs.)

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3
Q

Avoidance-avoidance

A

Two undesirable alternatives (e.g. Choosing between being laid off or accepting a lower paid position)

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4
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development

Oral Stage Birth to 1year

A

Putting objects in the mouth is the focus of sensation.

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5
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development

Anal Stage 1-3yrs

A

Control of bodily wastes (toilet training).

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6
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development

Phallic stage 3-6yrs

A

Sexual energy is centered in the genitals. Desire for the opposite sex parent and a view of the same sex parent as a rival.

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7
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development

Latency stage 6-12yrs

A

Developing social skills rather than achieving sexual gratification

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8
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development

Genital stage 12+

A

Sexual desire us blended with affection to produce mature sexual relationships.

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9
Q

Defense Mechanism

Repression (subconscious)

A

Having repressed memories of abuse or something that happened as a child, which causes one to have difficulty forming relationships.

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10
Q

Defense Mechanism

Projection

A

Taking our own feelings and ascribing them on someone is. ( having a strong dislike for someone & believing that he or she does not like you.)

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11
Q

Defense Mechanism

Displacement

A

Taking out our frustration, feeling, and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening. E.g having a bad day at work & blaming it on the kids.

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12
Q

Defense Mechanism

Sublimation

A

Acting out unacceptable impulses by converting these behaviors into a more acceptable form. ( taking up kick boxing as a way of venting frustrations)

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13
Q

Defense Mechanism

Undoing

A

To avoid thinking about the stressful, emotional aspects of a situation,but instead focus on the intellectual component.

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14
Q

Erickson Theory

Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust

A

Infancy (0-18 months)

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15
Q

Erickson Theory

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

A

Toddlerhood 18months-3 years

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16
Q

Erickson Theory

Initiative vs Guilt

A

Early childhood 3-6years

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17
Q

Erickson Theory

Industry vs inferiority

A

School age 6-12years

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18
Q

Erickson Theory

Identity vs role confusion

A

Adolescence 12-18years

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19
Q

Erickson Theory

Intimacy vs Isolation

A

Young adulthood 18-40years

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20
Q

Erickson Theory

Generativity vs Stagnation

A

Middle adulthood (40-65 years)

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21
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Arbitrary inference

A

drawing conclusions without evidence.

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22
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Overgeneralization

A

Drawing general conclusions on the basis of one event.

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23
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Selective abstraction

A

Attending to detail while ignoring the total context.

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24
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Personalization

A

Erroneously attributing external events to oneself.

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25
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Polarized thinking

A

Thinking in a black or white

26
Q

Role theory

A

Set of concepts that define how the behaviors of individuals are influenced by the different social positions.

30
Q

Roles in a alcoholic family

Mascot

A

Clown, uses humor to lighten difficult family situations

31
Q

Roles in a alcoholic family

Lost child

A

Disappears from the activity/action of the family

Hides in front of tv, or in room

32
Q 
Defense Mechanism
(Rationalization)
A

When an individual interprets his behaviors in a way that makes them seem more rational, logical, and socially acceptable.

33
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Arbitrary inference

A

Drawing conclusions without evidence.

34
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Overgeneralization

A

Drawing general conclusions on the basis of one event.

35
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Selective abstraction

A

Attending to detail while ignoring the total context.

36
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Personalization

A

Erroneously attributing external events to oneself.

37
Q

Cognitive Distortions

Polarized thinking

A

Thinking in black/white

38
Q

People unconsciously repeat dyfunctional patterns handed down the generations in their families or origin. Emotional cutoff, triangles, family projection process. Using a genogram is a way to bring out family issues. Role Playing, expressing feelings, and acting out.

A

Extended Family System (Bowen)

39
Q

Interrelationships involving boundary issues, and unconscious rules govern transactions among family members. Promotes clear family hierarchy, aims to change behavior and transactional patterns. (E.g. Hierarchy-Who’s in charge, kids, one person, etc)

A

Structural family therapy (Minuchin)

40
Q

Not interested in what you think or what happened in the past. Relationships are characterized by a struggle for power to see who will define or redefine the relationship. Therapist is interested in changing the pattern.

A

Strategic Family Therapy

41
Q

Your thinking changes your mood, change your thinking about the negative thoughts, positive change occurs through altering the thinking patterns, focus is on the present, identify the thinking that is causing the feelings/behaviors and replace.

A

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

42
Q

Focuses on the ability of the patient to change when the therapist is empathic and genuine and conveys non-possessive warmth. Therapist is nondirective, therapist facilitates the growth potential of the client.

A

Client Center Therapy (Carl Rogers)

43
Q

focuses on the here and now (the present feelings in the moment).

A

Gestalt Therapy

44
Q

Identify and do more of what is already working, do less of what is not working, emphasis is on the future not the past, focus on what is going well, use of multiple choice questions to help clients clarify options

A

Solution Focused Therapy

45
Q

Typically present with practical problems (e.g. work related, family) Importance of kinship and social networks

A

African American Clients

46
Q

Family is primary source of support, sex role stereotypes, Simpatico of like mind, harmony in personal relationships.

A

Hispanic American Clients

47
Q

Physical symptoms are more acceptable than mental health symptoms, indirect and non-verbal forms of communication, discussion of family problems shows a lack of respect. Use solution focused, the therapist is the expert.

A

Asian American Clients

48
Q

Respect for elders, May attribute illness to supernatural, religious beliefs at the center of all aspects of life.

A

Arab American Clients

49
Q

May not be comfortable with female therapist, high priority on educational and economic success, reluctance to say no, use of right hand/titiles, social status and affiliation (state, family, religion, career) Oldest to youngest family structure

A

East Indian Clients

50
Q

Tribal identity and extended family, holistic and interconnected, listening is more important than talking, eye contact is seen as a sign of disrepect.

A

Native American Clients

51
Q

Tension Building (verbal, emotional, physical abuse) Acute Battering Incident (assault), Honeymoon Phase (apologies, excuses, promises, wooing).

A

Cycle of Violence

52
Q

Familial- Grew up with abuse in household.
Antisocial-Violent outside/inside the home. Shows no empathy, and doesnt care about anyone’s feelings.
Over-Controlled-Able to manage anger, but use it to control the victim (holds it together on the outside) typically your CEO, President, etc.
Ambivalent-not being able to meet conflicting needs.

A

Types of Abusers

53
Q

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

A

Kubler-Ross’s Theory of Death/Dying

55
Q

Difference between conduct disorder & antisocial personaility

A

Conduct disorder is under 18years old. Antisocial personality is 18 and older

56
Q

Sculpting

A

Parameters between family members, a family therapist would use this technique.

57
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Loss of alteration in physical or motor functioning that is due to psychological factors.

58
Q

Fictitious disorder

A

The patient intentionally produces or simulates physical or psychological symptoms out of an intrapsychic need to adopt the sick (patient) role.

70
Q

Roles in a alcoholic family

Scapegoat

A

Acts out to take the focus off the alcoholic

71
Q

Roles in a alcoholic family

Enabler

A

The spouse

Protects the alcoholic from the consequences or actions

74
Q

Roles in a alcoholic family

Hero

A

the oldest child

High achiever; takes focus off the alcoholic, perfectionist

82
Q

Conversion/reparative therapy

A

Aim to change sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual.

83
Q

Infants or young child learn primarily through sensory input and action.
Object permanence
Causality
Symbolic thought-a child begins to understand that words represent an object such as dog/cat.

A

Piaget development -sensorimotor stage (birth to 2)

84
Q

Symbolic function which allows the child to learn through the use of mental images, language and other symbols that represent objects that aren’t present. Children during this stage engage in symbolic play.

A

Piagets development-pre operational stage (2-7 years)

85
Q

Adolescent or young adult is able to think abstractly, hypothetically, and in a relativistic way.

A

Piaget developmental-formal operational stage (11+years)

86
Q

Erickson Theory

Ego vs despair

A

65-death

Human Development (3 decks)

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