Theories Mid-Term Flashcards
Carl Rogers identified 3 components for change to occur:
Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness (congruence)
Text definition of what a ‘Theory’ is:
Consistent perspective on:
- Human behavior
- Psychopathology
- Mechanisms of therapeutic change
Hawthorne effect-what is it?:
This is the theory that people’s presenting symptoms can improve and that they can feel better by the experience of having someone attend to them and pay special attention to them-leading to the belief that attention is one of the common factors that impacts the results of therapy
Listed roles of counselors:
Confidant, Mirror, Coach, Encourager
3 parts of personality according to Freud:
Superego, Ego, Id
Difference of Transference and Counter-Transference:
Trans-The counselee applies certain feelings/emotions to the therapist-the client “transfers” their stuff back to you
Counter-The Therapist is influenced by their own feelings/experiences/emotions and “counter transfers” those back onto the counselee
Role of therapist in Adlerian therapy:
Teacher
Difference in ‘Perceiving and Attending’
Perceiving: accurately understanding the overt and covert messages sent by the counselee without judging or over interpreting those messages
Attending: What I show externally (body language, tone, etc.) and what I am bringing (internally) to the conversation as a person
Give examples of “Noise”
- Feelings about the counselee
- Feelings/thoughts about my personal life issues that I have going on
- Feelings about the counseling process
- Worry and expectations about the upcoming counseling session
- Other physical and visual distractions inside or outside of the counseling room
Types of “requests for information” from Counselee and Appropriate Counselor response:
Request for action>Appropriate action
Request for information>Appropriate Information
Request for understanding>Facilitative Response
Request for inappropriate involvement>Polite Decline to Participate
What is Exposure therapy focused on?
Directly confronting the feared stimuli
EFT is defined by what 3 steps?
- Become aware of what they are feeling
- Find better ways of coping with their feelings
- Transform old emotional responses into new ones
Gestault Theory-what are the Habits?
- Behaviors and “false/phony” self’s that we create to escape who we really are
- Rigid behavioral patterns that represent who we are
Tell about the “empty chair” technique
Gestalt therapy technique in which the client engages in a role-played conversation with an imagined person.
Projects emotions/feelings towards the empty chair as if it were person, etc.
4 givens of Existential theory:
Death
Meaninglessness
Isolation
Freedom
What is the foundation of psychopathology-according to Existentialism?
Lies
According to Reality Therapy-trying to fulfill these 4 needs:
Enjoyment, Belonging, Power, Freedom
Define Reflecting Content:
-Reflecting Content-Paraphrasing the Who/What/When/Where/How, NOT the Why; helps identify the context of the story
Define Validating Emotion:
-Validating Emotion-Reflecting the feelings of the client both explicit or implicit; allows the client to feel heard, understood, and known and not feel distance from the emotion
Define Connecting with Empathy:
-Emotional Presence or “Being With” another person; to build relationships with counselees so that they feel heard holistically and better understand their own situation.
What is the role of ‘self-awareness’ of a counselor?
The ability to know and understand yourself for good and for bad: awareness of your emotions, thoughts, motives, values, and intentions-gained through self-reflection and input from others
Carl Rogers
Person Centered
Carl Jung/Wilhelm Reich
Psychodynamic
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic
