THeories, metaparadigm and others Flashcards
What is Epistemology?
The study of knowledge
Nursing Epistemology can be described as
The study of knowledge in the nursing profession, the patterns of knowing and knowing that develops from them, and the criteria for accepting these knowledge claims
What are the 4 patterns of knowing?
Aesthetic, Personal, Empirical & Ethical Knowing
What is Aesthetic knowing?
(5) principles (what is the acronym?)
We stand on an _______ standpoint and?
Expressive, Subjective, Unique, Creative & Experiential
Compared to Empirical knowing
It is based on sensing, not analysis
We stand on an evaluative standpoint and envision the outcome of our actions chosen for the situation
Empirical knowing is about (2)
and how you use ______
Knowledge (evidence based) test → examining + analysing → legitimise aspects of nursing care
and how we use these knowledge to help patients recover
Personal knowing is about
How do you gain personal knowing?
Your experiences as a nurse (with practice), you understand what can happen in certain situations
This is gained by engagement & active empathetic participation
Ethical knowing is about (3) components
Right/wrong
good/bad
fair/unfair
The morals in nursing
How do you actually justify your actions?
Definition: meta-paradigm?
general concept that defines/identifies the discipline (the uniqueness of the discipline)
Fawcett’s meta-paradigm of nursing contains
Keep in mind these are general concepts
Person, Environment, Health and Nursing
How did Fawcett view persons?
(2)
- refers to the sick individual
- unique and autonomous
- considered in terms of their physiological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural selves
- responsible for their health - involved in care planning
How did Fawcett view Health?
- a perceived state of well-being
- harmonious connection of the physical, psychological, social and spiritual parts of an
individual with the environment - viewed both in normative state and/or process of
living as well as the process of dying
How did Fawcett view the environment? (2)
- comprises internal and
external factors that act
on human beings and
affect their behavior and
development - home life, mental state,
addictions, physical pain,
chances of relapse,
rewarding work
Fawcett Definition of nursing?
What are the roles of nurses?
What type of care do we cater to our patients?
Ethical and Emotional paradigm!
- process of caring for the health of human beings
- assisting individuals in meeting their needs
- teaching them the basics of caring for themselves
- extends beyond the health care facility to the community and society
- ethical and emotional paradigm
What are the 2 types of Nursing theories?
Grand: global emphasis on nursing practice
Middle-range: tested directly
Florence Nightingale’s Focus
What does the ________ contribute to? (Think meta-paradigm)
Environment is very important for everyone’s well being
Environmental control can prevent disease and uplift the maintenance of health
- this benefits everyone, especially the sick and poor
Virginia Henderson’s Focus
________ focuses on the?
The nurse’s unique function here is to?
Henderson’s needs theory focuses on improving the patient’s independence
According to Henderson, the unique function of the nurse is to
assist the individual (sick/well) in the 14 activities that improves/(or leads to peaceful death)
To help him gain independence as rapidly as possible
Dorothy Orem’s Focus
When is the nurse necessary according to Orem?
Orem focuses on self care
The nurse is necessary just when the care patients need is beyond their capacity and ability
In this case, the nurse educates/guides/supports & care for the patient (based on their needs)
Calista Roy’s Focus
ADPIE to help patients adapt