Theories Child Language Flashcards
What is Vygotsky theory?
Helps with child speech and how children interact in their life.
Zone of proximal development- children the ability to independently learn and take control.
More knowledgeable other- parents and teachers guide children through their journey and help them
What is Chomsky theory?
Born with a LAD and it waits to be triggered, not done through imitation
Virtuous error- apply a rule word is exception to rule so swimmed instead of swam
What is skinner theory
Behaviourist theory
Position reinforcement- praised
Negative reinforcement- punished
Operant conditioning- having someone to do something you want them to do
Difference between assimilation and accommodation
Assimilation- how human perceive and adapt to new information
Accommodation- when existing scheme does not work and apply to the object
What are Piaget 4 stages
Development of human intelligence
Stages
Sensorimotor stage- knows through movements and sensations form representations
Pre- operational stage- think symbolically stand for something other than itself
Concrete operational stage- major turning point and start of logical thoughts
Formal operational stage- think of abstract concept and test hypotheses
What is Nelson theory
Parenting- parents correct the children when they get something wrong They mainly use nouns first 60% Second- verbs Third- adjective Four- social words like no/yes 8%
What is rescorla theory
Overextension- child calls zebra horse
Under extension- limit use of work so polar bear is white but doesn’t call anything else white
3 categories of overextension
Catergorical- name for one member of a category is used so apple for orange and banana
Analogical- a word for one object is extended so ball as orange
Mismatch- one word in relation of another so duck for pond
Hallidays 7 function
Instrumental- fulfil a need on the part of speaker so obtain food drink or comfort
Regulatory- influence the behaviour of others persuading commanding requesting other people
International- develop relationships photic talk
Personal- giving opinions
Representational - exchange information turn taking
Heuristic- learn and explore environment questions and answers
Imaginative - explore imagination storytelling or when playing
Name Dores 8 functions
Labelling - naming or identifying something Repeating- echoing something Answering- giving a direct response Requesting action- demanding food or drink Calling- attracting attention Greeting- self evident Protesting- obtaining to requests Practising- using and repeating language
Name rothery 4 stages for writing.
Observation/comment- writer makes observation and follows with an evaluative comment
Recount- usually a chronological sequence or events
Report- factual and objective descriptive or events
Narrative- story genre where the scene is set
Name Britton’s 3 stages of writing
Expressive- resembles speech uses first person perspective
Poetic- requires skills in crafting and shaping language creativity
Transactional- develops once children have dissociate speech third person used formal sentences
Garvey theory and 5 types of talk
Pretend play- children adopt roles and identities acting out storylines
Preparatory talk- let’s play house
Explicit directions for pretend- nine types of transformations
within pretend talk- enactment talk
Negations of pretend- I don’t want to play anymore
Play signals- voice sounds and gestures
Grunwell months and phonemes
24 months- p b m d n w t
30- k g h n with a line
36- f s j l
42- v z r
48+- 0 with line in between, o with star on the top and low 3
Grunwell different types of sounds
Plosives- voiced( b d g)
Unvoiced (p t k)
Fricatives- voiced (z v)
Unvoiced (f h s)
Affricates- voiced( d with low3)
Unvoiced( t and long s)
Approximants- voiced (w r j)
Nasals- voiced (m n n with line)
Laterals- voiced (l)
Name krolls 4 stages of writing
Preparatory- (0-6) physical skills needed for writing understanding of basic principles
Consolidation- (6-8) reflects spoken lanGyge sentences are short, decorative, incomplete, simple conjunctions and/but
Differentiation- (8 to teens) awareness of difference between writing and speech confident in structure and complex sentence sophisticated sentences lots of mistakes
Integration- (teen and up) a personal voice adopted confidently change style to audience and purpose
Name 4 spoken stages
Holophrastic
Two word
Telegraphic
Post telegraphic
Name 3 stages of bellugi pronoun theory
Stage 1- child uses own name
Stage 2- child recognises I/me pronouns
Stage 3- the child uses them according to weather they are in the subject or object
Name 3 stages of negation bellugi
Stage1- the child will use no at the start or end of the sentence
Stage 2- It moves to no inside of sentences
Stage 3- achieves the correct form
What is vygotsky play theory
Weather children are playing they are in the ZPD this leads to learning
Scaffolding- support given to children
Pivots- toys are used to act as something else
External influences- playing with toy turns to internal thoughts like understanding what the toy is
Name the stages of play
(0-3)- no play imitation play
(3-7)- use objects actions or ideas to represent things to play
(7-12)- games with rules
What is Bruner theory
Interactionist- LASS
Social support when it comes to encouraging
Every hold has a support system this is like parents or books that will help them
What is cruttendens theory 3 stages
Understanding intonation
3 stages
1st stage- children memorise the words on an individual basis
2nd stage- show awareness of the general
Rule of inflection they have error which is overgeneralisation so ran as runned
3rd stage- correct inflection that are used
What is wugs theory
Children can add tenses to words they have never heard before
See if children can apply grammatical rules
What is the fis phenomena theory
Children would say fiz instead of fish
The ending is not said but they think they are saying correctly
They can’t hear mistakes adults hear it as fiz but they don’t know they are wrong
Name the 6 cues
Graphophonic- looking at the shape of words linking to graphemes
Semantic- understanding the meanings of words and making connection
Visual- pictures which interpret unfamiliar words
Syntactic- applying knowledge of word order
Contextual- understanding in the situation of the story
Miscue- making errors when reading might miss a word and
Name challs 6 reading stages
(0) pre reading and pseudo reading- pretend reading some letter and word recognition
(1) initial reading and decoding- reading simple texts containing high frequency lexis
(2) confirmations and fluency- reading texts more quickly accurately and fluently paying more attention to meanings
(3) reading for learning- reading for knowledge and information becomes the motivation
(4) multiplicity and complexity- responding critically to what they read and analysing texts
(5) construction and reconstruction- reading selectively and forming opinions about what they read
What is peccei 3 stages
Pre communicative stage- children write using squiggles
Phonological stage- children will attempt to capture the sound of the word
Orthographic stage- learning extra ‘e’ or use ‘ed’ ending
What is Harvey and shaldoms theory
Taboo language has become more acceptable me in the home between friends and in informal situations
What is Philip hensher theory
Complexity of situation that people in a group can call each other names but when called these name from someone outside the group it becomes offensive
