Theories and Terminology of Inheritance Flashcards
Selective breeding
choosing stock because o its physical, behavioural, or functional characteristics
Inheritable trait
a characteristic that is determined by genes, not the environment; a trait that is capable of being passes form parent to offspring
Monohybrid
an organism that is heterozygous for one trait (e.g. Tt)
Hybrid
the offspring of two parents with different inheritable traits; often termed heterozygous
True breeding
organisms that produce offspring that express the same trait generation after generation; organisms are homozygous for a trait
P1 generation
the first set of parents; parents of the F1 generation
F1 generation
offspring of the P1 generation; F stands for filial generation–meaning brothers and sisters
F2 generation
offspring produced as a result of individuals of the F1 generation mating with other individuals of the F1 generation
Dominant
if two alleles are present, the allele that is expressed is the dominant one (e.g. if an individual has both tall and short alleles, but is tall, then the tall is dominant over the short)
Recessive
if two alleles are present, the allele that is hidden is recessive
Homozygous (true breeding)
a genotype where both alleles are the same (e.g. TT is homozygous dominant, tt is homozygous recessive)
Heterozygous
a genotype where the alleles are different (e.g, Tt)
Genotype
what the genes say; two symbols that indicate which alleles the individuals have for a particular trait (e.g. Tt)
Phenotype
the observable characteristic of the organism (e.g. tall height or short height); is determined by genotype (e.g the Tt genotype results in a tall phenotype)
Filial
the offspring of a cross
